Lawrence S. Kaplan

Implications for the United States

Chinas arms sales are a significant, though manageable, problem for the United States. Beijings transfers have increased the strength and autonomy of pariah states and helped missile and NBC systems spread, although Beijing in recent years has been less supportive of pariah states and more responsible in its NBC-related transfers. Despite these improvements, further progress is necessary before Chinas behavior stops posing a threat to U.S. interests. Our analysis supports three significant findings about Chinas arms sales behavior. First, the claim that Chinas arms transfers are motivated primarily by the desire to generate export earnings is inaccurate. In fact, virtually all of Chinas arms transfers are at least partly driven by foreign policy considerations, and revenues from arms sales are of diminishing importance to Beijing. Second, the related claim that Chinas central government has only a limited ability to control arms transfers is also inaccurate. Chinas weapons export system is in fact quite centralized, with the most sensitive transfers of complete systems requiring the approval of a member of the Central Military Commission—comparable to requiring the approval of a member of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff or the National Security Council. 1 The third conclusion is more positive from a U.S. perspective: Chinas adherence to international nonproliferation norms is in fact increasing. China has joined several international nonproliferation regimes since 1992, including the Non-Proliferation ______________ 1 Note that this statement applies only to complete weapon systems, not dual-use materials and equipment.

A community of interests : NATO and the military assistance program, 1948-1951

Abstract : Contents: (1) Origins of the Mutual Defense Assistance Program; (2) Military Assistance and the Beginnings of the North Atlantic Treaty; (3) The Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949; (4) Administration of the MDAP, October 1949-January 1950; (5) The NATO Symbol in Transition, January-April 1950; (6) The NATO Symbol in Transition, April-June 1950; (7) Impact of the Korean War on NATO, June-September 1950; (8) From New York to Brussels, September-December 1950; (9) Toward Lisbon; and (10) The Military Assistance Program and NATO.

NATO after thirty years

Essays trace the history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, examine its military record, and analyze its role in world politics.

The Monroe Doctrine and the Truman Doctrine: The Case of Greece

These stirring words from Lord Byrons Don Juan evoked strong emotions among Americans as they witnessed the beginnings of the Greek revolution against the Ottoman Empire in 1821. Then and later, Greek democracy was regarded as the archetype for American democracy, and this assumption produced two antithetical doctrines-the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 and the Truman Doctrine of 1947. In the Monroe Doctrine, the inspiration of the Greek revolution celebrated by Byron failed to elicit American intervention and led instead to the triumph of isolationism, in the form of political and military non-entanglement. By contrast, the Truman Doctrine made civil war in Greece the occasion for an involvement that led to

Notes, Bibliographies, and Documents

Prince Kaunitz and the Balance of Power; Franz A.J. Szabo The American Revolution in an International Perspective: Views from Bicentennial Symposia; Lawrence S. Kaplan The Reign of Sir Edward Grey as British Foreign Secretary F.H. HINSLEY, ed. British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1977. Pp. 702; ZARA S. STEINER. Britain and the Origins of the First World War. New York: St Martins Press 1977. Pp. 305.; Samuel R. Williamson, Jr

Oliver Franks, Founding Father

Part 1 The philosopher and the garden: entry Oxford attained the ministry of supply. Part 2 The partner and the queue: the Marshall Plan the North Atlantic Treaty ambassador ex and plen. Part 3 The pillar and the state: Oxford regained grand inquisitor envoi.

The Nuclear Confrontation in Europe

Focusing on the debate over theatre nuclear forces in Europe, this volume, produced at Harvards Center for Science and International Affairs, discusses the background events of the 1950s and 1960s; the military logic and political purpose of the weapons; the role of British, French and Soviet forces; and the arms control issues all these raise for the INF negotiations.