Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes
State University of Campinas
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Publication
Featured researches published by Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes.
British Journal of Sports Medicine | 2008
Ao Bessa; M. Nissenbaum; A. Monteiro; Paulo Guimarães Gandra; Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes; Adriana Bassini-Cameron; J. P. S. Werneck-De-Castro; D. Vaz De Macedo; Luiz-Claudio Cameron
Objective: To evaluate the impact of high-intensity ultraendurance (HIU) cycling, using it as a possible way to understand muscle injury kinetics and blood immune cells’ release during high-intensity prolonged exercise Design: Male amateur triathletes enrolled during a cycling race of the International Bike Championship 800 km cycling relay (∼23 h). Each athlete alternately cycled 20–25 minutes until exhaustion and performed a total of approximately 200 km. Results: Creatine kinase levels in blood reached a 300% rise in a sigmoidal pattern, while lactate dehydrogenase levels increased by 30–40% following a hyperbolic pattern. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels increased by up to 250% and 140%, respectively. Liver injury markers such as alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase remained stable. Platelets increased by 20–30% from pre-exercise, and there was no change in haematocrit during the race. White blood cells rose by nearly 200%. Leucocytes rose 210% during the race, with a major component coming from neutrophils, which increased more than 300%. Triacylglycerol levels were decreased at the finish and total cholesterol levels remained unchanged. Urate increased (by up to 35%) during the first half of the race, and urea levels increased with a different pattern, increasing by 45% in the second half. Conclusions: This study showed the blood appearance kinetics of muscle injury markers and some metabolites. It is suggested that the increase in these enzymes came primarily from muscle damage, rather than liver damage, and that white blood cells are selectively mobilised independently of haemoconcentration. The early appearance of muscle injury markers in this kind of exercise was also shown.
Anesthesia & Analgesia | 2012
Cintia Maria Saia Cereda; Giovana Radomille Tofoli; Luiz Gabriel Maturana; Amauri Pierucci; Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes; Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira; Sarah Arana; Daniele Ribeiro de Araujo; Eneida de Paula
BACKGROUND:Bupivacaine (BVC) and ropivacaine (RVC) are local anesthetics widely used in surgical procedures. In previous studies, inclusion complexes of BVC or RVC in hydroxypropyl-&bgr;-cyclodextrin (HP-&bgr;-CD) increased differential nervous blockade, compared to the plain anesthetic solutions. In this study we evaluated the local neural and muscular toxicity of these new formulations containing 0.5% BVC or RVC complexed with HP-&bgr;-CD (BVCHP-&bgr;-CD and RVCHP-&bgr;-CD). METHODS:Schwann cell viability was assessed by determination of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, and histopathological evaluation of the rat sciatic nerve was used to identify local neurotoxic effects (48 hours and 7 days after the treatments). Evaluations of serum creatine kinase levels and the histopathology of rat gastrocnemius muscle (48 hours after treatment) were also performed. RESULTS:Schwann cell toxicity evaluations revealed no significant differences between complexed and plain local anesthetic formulations. However, use of the complexed local anesthetics reduced serum creatine kinase levels 5.5-fold, relative to the plain formulations. The differences were significant at P < 0.05 (BVC) and P < 0.01 (RVC). The histopathological muscle evaluation showed that differences between groups treated with local anesthetics (BVC or RVC) and their respective complexed formulations (BVCHP-&bgr;-CD or RVCHP-&bgr;-CD) were significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:We concluded that the new formulations presented a lower myotoxicity and a similar cytotoxic effect when compared to plain local anesthetic solutions.
Clinical Biochemistry | 2011
Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes; René Brenzikofer; Denise Vaz de Macedo
OBJECTIVES Our aims were to test a liquid-based saliva collection system for total antioxidant status (TAS), uric acid (UA), total protein concentration (TP) and salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) activity; to determine if these analytes in serum and saliva are correlated in a physically active population and to establish reference intervals for these parameters. DESIGN AND METHODS Participants in this study were 115 physically active males (18-20 years old). Saliva samples were collected using the Saliva Collection System (Greiner Bio-One) immediately before obtaining blood. Biochemical analyses were conducted using an Autolab Boehringer analyzer. RESULTS We found a correlation between UA and TP concentrations in serum and saliva samples. The reference intervals for TP and SAA activity in the morning were lower than in the afternoon (p<0.0001). The reference intervals for UA and TAS did not vary with the time of collection. CONCLUSION The establishment of reference intervals for these saliva constituents increases their diagnostic utility and allows for detection of physiological or pathological states.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity | 2012
Rodrigo Luiz Perroni Ferraresso; Renato Buscariolli de Oliveira; Denise Vaz de Macedo; Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes; René Brenzikofer; Danilo Damas; Rodrigo Hohl
Severe endurance training (overtraining) may cause underperformance related to muscle oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte alterations. Currently, such relationship has not been empirically established. In this study, Wistar rats (n = 19) underwent eight weeks of daily exercise sessions followed by three overtraining weeks in which the daily frequency of exercise sessions increased. After the 11th training week, eight rats exhibited a reduction of 38% in performance (nonfunctional overreaching group (NFOR)), whereas eleven rats exhibited an increase of 18% in performance (functional overreaching group (FOR)). The red gastrocnemius of NFOR presented significantly lower citrate synthase activity compared to FOR, but similar to that of the control. The activity of mitochondrial complex IV in NFOR was lower than that of the control and FOR. This impaired mitochondrial adaptation in NFOR was associated with increased antioxidant enzyme activities and increased lipid peroxidation (in muscle and plasma) relative to FOR and control. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was higher in NFOR. Plasma creatine kinase levels were unchanged. We observed that some rats that presented evidence of muscle oxidative stress are also subject to cardiomyocyte apoptosis under endurance overtraining. Blood lipid peroxides may be a suitable biomarker for muscle oxidative stress that is unrelated to severe muscle damage.
Mediators of Inflammation | 2013
Bernardo Neme Ide; Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes; René Brenzikofer; Denise Vaz de Macedo
The purpose of this study was to observe the time course of muscle damage and inflammatory responses following an eccentric overload resistance-training (EO) program. 3 females (23.8 ± 2.6 years; 70.9 ± 12.7 kg; 1.6 ± 0.08 m) and 5 males (23.8 ± 2.6 years; 75.1 ± 11.2 kg; 1.8 ± 0.1 m) underwent thirteen training sessions (4 × 8–10 eccentric-only repetitions—80% of eccentric 1RM, one-minute rest, 2x week−1, during 7 weeks, for three exercises). Blood samples were collected prior to (Pre) and after two (P2), seven (P7), nine (P9), eleven (P11), and thirteen (P13) sessions, always 96 hours after last session. The reference change values (RCV) analysis was employed for comparing the responses, and the percentual differences between the serial results were calculated for each subject and compared with RCV95%. Four subjects presented significant changes for creatine kinase at P2, and another two at P13; six for C-reactive protein at P2, and three at P11; two for neutrophils at P2, P4, and P13, respectively; and only one for white blood cells at P2, P4, P7, and P9, for lymphocyte at P7, P9, and P13, and for platelet at P4. We conclude that EO induced high magnitude of muscle damage and inflammatory responses in the initial phase of the program with subsequent attenuation.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research | 2009
Eduarda Faria Abrahão Machado; A.C.R. Normand; Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes; René Brenzikofer; Denise Vaz de Macedo
Anesthetics can affect the structure and biological function of tissues and systems differentially. The aim of the present study was to compare three injectable anesthetics generally used in experiments with animals in terms of the degree of hemolysis and glycogenolysis occurring after profound anesthesia. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (330-440 g) were divided into three groups (N = 8): chloral hydrate (CH), ketamine + xylazine (KX), Zoletil 50(R) (zolazepam and tiletamine) + xylazine (ZTX). After deep anesthesia, total blood was collected. The liver and white (WG) and red gastrocnemius (RG) muscles were also immediately removed. The degree of serum hemolysis was quantified on the basis of hemoglobin concentration (g/L). Hepatic and muscular glycogen concentrations (mmol/kg wet tissue) were quantified by the phenol-sulfuric method. The CH and KX groups exhibited serum hemolysis (4.0 +/- 2.2 and 1.9 +/- 0.9 g/L, respectively; P < 0.05) compared to the ZTX group, which presented none. Only KX induced elevated glycogenolysis (mmol/kg wet tissue) in the liver (86.9 +/- 63.2) and in WG (18.7 +/- 9.0) and RG (15.2 +/- 7.2; P < 0.05). The CH and ZTX groups exhibited no glycogenolysis in the liver (164.4 +/- 41.1 and 176.8 +/- 54.4, respectively), WG (28.8 +/- 4.4, 32.0 +/- 6.5, respectively) or RG (29.0 +/- 4.9; 25.3 +/- 8.6, respectively). Our data indicate that ZTX seems to be an appropriate general anesthetic for studies that seek to simultaneously quantify the concentration of glycogen and serum biochemical markers without interferences. ZTX is reasonably priced, found easily at veterinary markets, quickly induces deep anesthesia, and presents a low mortality rate.
BioMed Research International | 2014
Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes; Helena Zerlotti Wolf Grotto; René Brenzikofer; Denise Vaz de Macedo
The aim of this study was to establish reference intervals (RIs) for the hemogram and iron status biomarkers in a physically active population. The study population included male volunteers (n = 150) with an average age of 19 ± 1 years who had participated in a regular and controlled exercise program for four months. Blood samples were collected to determine hematological parameters using a Sysmex XE-5000 analyzer (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). Iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation and ferritin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in serum samples were measured using commercial kits (Roche Diagnostics, GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and a Roche/Hitachi 902 analyzer. The RIs were established using the RefVal program 4.1b. The leucocyte count, TIBC, and CRP and ferritin concentrations exhibited higher RIs compared with those in a nonphysically active population. Thirty volunteers (outliers) were removed from the reference population due to blood abnormalities. Among the outliers, 46% exhibited higher CRP concentrations and lower concentrations of iron and reticulocyte hemoglobin compared with the nonphysically active population (P < 0.001). Our results showed that it is important to establish RIs for certain laboratory parameters in a physically active population, especially for tests related to the inflammatory response and iron metabolism.
Jornal Brasileiro De Patologia E Medicina Laboratorial | 2013
Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes; Denise Vaz de Macedo
A utilizacao de saliva como alternativa para o diagnostico de patologias e/ou monitoramento de atletas em competicoes ou treinos e muito atrativa devido a facilidade de obtencao da amostra e, principalmente, pela natureza menos invasiva que a coleta de sangue venoso. A saliva e um fluido hipotonico em relacao ao plasma; contem compostos produzidos localmente nas glândulas salivares (imunoglobulina A [IgA] e α-amilase), alem de compostos difundidos do plasma (agua, eletrolitos, proteinas, metabolitos e hormonios). A saliva desempenha funcoes importantes na protecao da mucosa oral contra microrganismos e na digestao dos alimentos. Sua producao e sua composicao sao dependentes da atividade do sistema nervoso autonomo simpatico e parassimpatico, cuja acao antagonica pode resultar em diferentes volumes de saliva com perfis proteico e ionico distintos. O objetivo da presente revisao e apresentar uma analise critica das potencialidades e limitacoes da utilizacao da saliva como ferramenta diagnostica para a medicina esportiva. Embora existam estudos que a utilizam para o monitoramento de atletas em situacoes de exercicio e doping, ainda e necessario padronizar algumas variaveis pre-analiticas, como a escolha correta do melhor sistema de coleta, que permite quantificar facilmente o volume, com boa recuperacao de amostra; os horarios de coleta bem definidos, de acordo com as possiveis variacoes circadianas do analito; e a contaminacao da saliva com sangue proveniente de lesoes da mucosa oral, que tem de ser evitada. Outro ponto fundamental para aplicacao no esporte e o estabelecimento de valores de referencia para analitos quantificados na saliva, obtidos de uma populacao composta de sujeitos saudaveis e exercitados de forma constante e sistematizada, com progressao de cargas de esforco.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences | 2012
Cristiane Volobuef; Carolina Morales Moraes; Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes; Cintia Maria Saia Cereda; Fabiano Yokaichiya; Margareth Kazuyo Kobayashi Dias Franco; Angélica F.A. Braga; Eneida de Paula; Giovana Radomille Tófoli; Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto; Daniele Ribeiro de Araujo
Sufentanil (SUF) is a synthetic analgesic opioid widely used for the management of acute and chronic pain. This drug was complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and the physicochemical characterization, in vitro/ex vivo toxicity assays, and pharmacological evaluation were performed. Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and X-ray powder diffraction showed the formation and the morphology of the complex. Nuclear magnetic resonance afforded data regarding inclusion complex stoichiometry (1:1) with an association binding constant (K(a)) value of 515.2 ± 1.2 M(-1) between SUF and HP-β-CD. Complexation with HP-β-CD protected SUF from light exposure and increased its photostability. Release kinetics revealed a decrease in SUF release rate (K(rel) = 7.05 ± 0.52 and 5.61 ± 0.39 min(-1/2) for SUF-HP-β-CD and SUF, respectively) and reduced hemolytic or myotoxic effects after complexation. Time course of tail-flick test showed that the duration of analgesia induced by SUF (150.0 ± 34.6 min) was significantly increased (p < 0.001) after complexation with HP-β-CD (355.7 ± 47.2 min) when injected at the same dose (1 μg kg(-1)), prolonging the duration of analgesia after intramuscular administration and representing an alternative on the development of effective and safe drug-delivery system for opioid analgesics.
Archive | 2012
Rodrigo Hohl; Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes; Rafael Alkmin Reis; René Brenzikofer; Rodrigo Luiz Perroni Ferraresso; Foued Salmen Spindola; Denise Vaz de Macedo
1.1 Training and overtraining A training process consists of a sum of repeated exercise sessions with gradual overloads that are performed in a systematised and programmed way. The workload can be manipulated through variables such as weight load resistance, speed, duration, pauses between stimuli, muscular action, movement speed, amplitude, weekly frequency, number of sessions per day, number of exercises per session and the combination of different exercises in the same session. Exercise triggers the synthesis of several enzymes and structural proteins that adapt tissues, organs and systems to changes in cellular homeostasis, in a task-oriented way and depending on the exercise stimulus. This set of chronic physiological and metabolic changes, currently termed supercompensation, allows for a more efficient and sustainable physiological environment during voluntary physical activity. Supercompensation supplies energy economy for habitual physical activities or enhances the energy supply during exercises of high metabolic demands. Recently, our group demonstrated, using proteomic analyses of rat muscle, that only one stimulus of exhaustive, incremental exercise (approximately 30 min) is enough to produce an acute, generalised, metabolic response in the muscular fibre (Gandra et al., 2010). This probably occurs to minimise the stress that will occur in a subsequent exercise session and, in the long term, the cumulative effects of exercise on gene expression lead to specific muscle phenotypic alterations, which is a major aspect of performance enhancement. However, supercompensation is only achieved when the ratio between overload and recovery time is individually balanced. Damaged tissue structures resulting from the exercise stimulus are repaired during recovery, when rest and food intake are crucial for the energy supply that is required for the synthesis of new proteins and cellular components.