Le T. Huong

Volatile constituents of essential oils from the leaves, stems, roots and fruits of Vietnamese species of Alpinia malaccencis.

The essential oils obtained from different parts of Alpinia malaccencis (Burm f.) (Zingiberaceae) collected from Kỳ Sơn Districts, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam, has been studied. Determination of essential oil components from the leaves, stems, roots and fruits of A. malaccencis was performed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). β-Pinene (leaf: 56.%; stem: 46.0%; root: 31.7% and fruit: 18.5%) and αpinene (leaf: 10.3%; stem: 9.8%; root: 6.3% and fruit: 5.9%) were the major constituents of the oils. In addition, β-phellandrene was present in the amount of 12.1%, 12.9% and 12.9% in the stem, root and fruit oils but absent in the leaf. Methyl cinnamate (27.8%) was identified in higher quantity only in the fruit oil but absent in the leaf while α-phellandrene (5.7%) was present in the stem and α-selina-6-en-4-ol (5.5%) was a significant compound of the root oil. The compositions of the root and fruit essential oils were reported for the first time. Original Research Article Huong et al.; EJMP, 7(3): 118-124, 2015; Article no.EJMP.2015.074 119 Aims: The aim of the research is to investigate for the first time the volatile constituents from A. malaccencis collected from Kỳ Sơn Districts, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam. Study Design: Extraction of essential oils from the air-dried leaves, stems, roots and fruits samples of A. malaccencis and investigation of their chemical constituents. Place and Duration of Study: Leaves, stems, roots and fruits of A. malaccaencis were collected from plants growing in Kỳ Sơn Districts, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam, in May 2014. Methodology: Air-dried and pulverized samples were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus according to Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia to obtained volatile oils whose chemical constituents were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results: Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the dominant class of compound in the leaf oil (74.0%) and stem oil (81.3%) of A. malaccencis. Sesquiterpene compounds (21.5%) were identified in appreciable quantity in the roots oil, although monoterpene hydrocarbons (59.3%) are abundant. Oxygenated monoterpenes (31.1%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (46.7%) constituted the main classes of compounds identified in the fruit oil. Conclusion: The literature about the oils of A. malaccencis indicates a high variability in the chemical composition of the essential oils.

The Essential Oils of the Leaf, Pseudostem Root and Fruit of Alpinia mutica Roxb

Abstract The characterization of essential oils from the leaf, pseudostem, root and fruit of Alpinia mutica Roxb. grown in Vietnam was performed by means of gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The main constituents of the leaf oil were β-pinene (21.3 %), 1,8-cineole (20.9 %), α-pinene (12.5 %) and camphene (7.1 %) while the pseudostem comprised of 1,8-cineole (19.9 %), β-pinene (17.4 %), α-pinene (11.3 %) and camphene (5.7 %). However, β-pinene (23.2 %), 1,8-cineole (18.6 %), α-pinene (12.8 %) and fenchyl acetate (7.0 %) were the significant compounds of the root oil. In addition, β-caryophyllene (22.6 %), β-cadinol (8.9 %) and camphor (7.8 %) were identified in the fruit oil.

Volatile constituents of Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum microcarpum C. F. Liang & D. Fang: two Zingiberaceae grown in Vietnam

The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from the hydrodistillation of different parts of Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum muricarpum C. F. Liang & D. Fang (Zingiberaceae) grown in Vietnam are reported. The analysis was performed by means of gas chromatography–flame ionisation detectoorand gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The major compounds identified in the oils of A. maximum were β-pinene (20.4–40.8%), α-pinene (6.8–15.0%), β-elemene (2.5–12.8%) and β-caryophyllene (2.3–10.3%). Moreover, β-phellandrene (11.6%) was present in the root oil. The main compound identified in all the oil samples of A. muricarpum was α-pinene (24.1–54.7%) and β-pinene (9.2–25.9%). In addition, limonene (7.4%) and δ-3-carene (9.4%) were present in the leaves and stem oils, respectively. However, while β-phellandrene (8.3%) could be seen prominent in the root oil, the fruits contained significant amount of zingiberene (6.3%). The largest amount of τ-muurolol (13.0%) was found in the flower oil.

Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Alpinia pinnanensis

Abstract The chemical compositions of volatiles from Alpinia pinnanensis T. L. Wu & Senjen (Zingiberaceae) are being studied. The essential oils that were obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC (FID) and GC-MS. The components were identified by MS libraries and their LRIs. The essential oils content varied between 0.11% and 0.41% (v/w), calculated on a dry weight basis. Monoterpenes (21.0 - 60.7%) and sesquiterpenes (16.3 - 74.4%) are the main oil fractions. The leaf of A. pinnanensis afforded oil whose major compounds were 1,8-cineole (20.5%), 4-phenyl-2-butanol (19.5%) and α-phellandrene (10.8%) while the stem bark comprised mainly of 1,8-cineole (10.0%), β-elemene (8.7%), α-gurjunene (7.6%), β-pinene (7.3%) and (E,E)-farnesol (7.2%). On the other hand, (E,E)-farnesol (8.4%), α-gurjunene (6.2%), camphene (5.6%) and fenchyl acetate (5.4%) were the most abundant constituent of the root bark oil. However, α-cadinol (18.1%) and β-caryophyllene (11.4%), along with (E, E)-farnesol (6.3%) and β-pinene (6.1%) were the main constituents of the fruit oil. A comparative analysis of the compositional patterns of essential oils of A. pinnanensis with other Alpinia species grown in Vietnam revealed a marked variation in their chemical constituents.

Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils of Selected Medicinal Plants from Thùa Thiên-Huế Province, Vietnam

Essential oils from selected plants of Vietnam were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that one group contains aromatic and terpenoid components namely Friesodielsia filipes (stem: benzyl benzoate, α-pinene); Meiogyne virgata (stem; α-humulene, benzyl benzoate, bicyclogermacrene); and P. sessiliflora (stem: eugenol, limonene, α-phellandrene), while the second group producing terpenoid oils includes F. filipes (leaf: α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide); M. virgata (leaf: α-humulene, bicyclogermacrene, β-caryophyllene, bicycloelemene); Polyalthia sessiliflora (leaf: limonene, β-caryophyllene, β-cubebene); Pseuduvaria indochinensis (leaf: α-copaene, α-pinene; stem: limonene, α-phellandrene, β-caryophyllene); and O. hirsuta (leaf: cis-ρ-mentha-2,4(8)-diene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene).

Constituents of Essential Oils from the Leaf of Amomum aculeatum Roxb.

Abstract: Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaf of Amomum aculeatum Roxb. grown in Vietnam were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Monoterpene hydrocarbons (57.4 %) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (30.1 %) were the main class of compounds present in the oil. The main compounds were identified to be limonene (20.8 %), valencene (18.0 %), α-phellandrene (8.7 %), α-pinene (6.9 %) and bsequiphellandrene (6.1 %). The volatile oil contents were being reported for the first time.

Essential oil compositions of Alphonsea philastreana (Pierre) Pierre ex Finet & Gagnep. and Alphonsea gaudichaudiana (Baill.) Finet & Gagnep. from Vietnam.

Essential oils isolated from the air-dried leaves of Alphonsea philastreana and Alphonsea gaudichaudiana growing in Vietnam have been studied for their constituents by means of gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Sesquiterpenes were the most prominent class of compound identified in the oils. The quantitatively significant constituents of the oils were (E)-β-ocimene (6.9% and 8.5%), bicycloelemene (8.9% and 6.3%), β-caryophyllene (5.1% and 5.9%), α-humulene (5.8% and 4.6%), bicyclogermacrene (9.3% and 6.3%), guaiol (9.0% and 5.2%) and α-eudesmol (8.3% and 5.5%), respectively, for A. philastreana and A. gaudichaudiana. This is the first comprehensive report on the volatile oil constituents of the studied species.

A comparative analysis of essential oils of Goniothalamus macrocalyx Ban., Goniothalamus albiflorus Ban. and Goniothalamus tamirensis Pierre ex Fin. & Gagnep. from Vietnam.

Essential oils hydrodistilled from the leaves and stem barks of Goniothalamus macrocalyx Ban., Goniothalamus albiflorus Ban. and Goniothalamus tamirensis Pierre ex Fin. & Gagnep. growing in Vietnam were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-coupled with mass spectrometry. α-Pinene (1.7–50.0%), β-pinene (tr-6.8%), β-myrcene (tr-1.5%), (E)-β-ocimene (tr-4.6%), β-caryophyllene (9.9–12.8%), aromadendrene (0.2–6.0%), α-humulene (1.7–6.9%), α-cadinol (1.2–14.5%), δ-cadinene (0.1–10.3%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (0.2–1.9%) were common to the oil samples. α-Pinene (50.0%) was the most abundant single constituent of the leaf oil of G. macrocalyx, whereas the major compounds of the stem were α-cadinol (14.5%), β-caryophyllene (10.3%) and octadecanoic acid (8.2%). Benzoic acid (18.4%), β-caryophyllene (12.4%) and α-pinene (10.3%) were present in the leaf of G. albiflorus, whereas limonene (21.2%), β-caryophyllene (12.8%) and α-phellandrene (9.3%) were identified in the stem. The leaf oil of G. tamirensis was characterised by abundance of α-pinene (33.4%), viridiflorol (18.5%) and β-caryophyllene (12.4%), whereas γ-gurjunene (11.2%), β-caryophyllene (10.9%) and δ-cadinene (10.3%) predominates in the stem oil.

Essential oils Constituents of the leaves of Amomum gagnepainii and Amomum repoense

Abstract The chemical constituents identified in the essential oils hydrodistilled from the leaves of Amomum gagnepainii T.L.Wu, K.Larsen and Turland and Amomum repoense Pierre ex Gagnep (Zingiberaceae) of Vietnam origin are reported. The chemical analyses were performed by means of gas chromatography–flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main compounds of A. gagnepainii were farnesyl acetate (18.5%), zerumbone (16.4%) and β-caryophyllene (10.5%). On the other hand, Amomum repoense comprised of monoterpenes dominated by β-pinene (33.5%), (E)-β-ocimene (9.6%), γ-terpinene (9.1%) and α-pinene (8.4%). This is the first report on the essential oils of A. gagnepainii and A. repoense grown in Vietnam or elsewhere.

Essential Oils of Leaves, Stems, and Roots of Vietnamese Species of Alpinia menghaiensis and A. maclurei

The objective of the present paper was to report the volatile constituents identified in the essential oils of the leaves, stem barks, and roots of two Alpinia plants growing in Vietnam. Alpinia is a rather large genus of plants, with more than 330 species from the Ginger family (Zingiberaceae). They occur in tropical and subtropical climates of Asia and the Pacific and are in great demand as ornamentals because of their flashy flowers [1]. Alpinia menghaiensis S. Q. Tong & Y. M. Xia is a plant that grows up to 3 m tall composed of overlapping leaf sheaths. The plant flowers in April. Alpinia maclurei Merr. is an erect herb up to 3 m tall. The leaves are lanceolate and bear three to five flowers. Flowering takes place from March to July and fruiting occur from April to October [2]. Although several Alpinia plants have been studied for their biological [3–5], volatile [6, 7], and nonvolatile [8, 9] components, there is a dearth of information on the chemical constituents and biological activities of these plants. The samples of A. menghaiensis (LTH 468) and A. maclurei (LTH 340) used for this study were collected respectively from Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An, Vietnam and Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam. Aliquots of 500 g each of air-dried and pulverized samples were subjected to separate hydrodistillation for 3 h at normal pressure [10]. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis was performed on an Agilent Technologies HP 6890 Plus gas chromatograph equipped with an HP-5MS column, 30 m 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 m. Temperature parameters: column oven 40 C, injection pot 250 C, detector 260 C. Time programming: 40 C for 2 min, temperature raised to 220 C (10 min hold) at 4 C·min–1, carrier gas H2 (1 mL·min–1), split ratio 10:1, volume injected 1.0 L. Inlet pressure, 6.1 kPa. Each analysis was performed in triplicate. The retention indices (RI) of each component were determined relative to the retention times of a homologous n-alkane series with linear interpolation on the HP-5MS column. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was performed on an HP 5973 MSD mass spectrometer with an HP 6890N Plus GC (HP-5 MS, 30 m 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 m). MS conditions: ionization voltage 70 eV; emission current 40 mA; acquisitions scan mass range 35–350 amu, sampling rate 1.0 scan·s–1. Peaks were identified as described previously [11]. The yields of the essential oils were 0.22% 0.18%, and 0.21% (v/w, A. menghaiensis; leaf, stem, and root respectively) and 0.25%, 0.23% and 0.19% (v/w, A. A. maclurei; leaf, stem, and root respectively), calculated on a dry weight basis. Table 1 lists the chemical constituents present in the oil, their percentages, as well as their retention indices on the HP-5MS column. The leaf oil of A. menghaiensis consists mainly of -pinene (62.4%) and -pinene (15.8%), with the minor compounds being benzyl benzoate (4.0%) and limonene (3.8%). However, -pinene (46.4%), -pinene (12.7%), p-cymene (5.4%), limonene (5.1%), and -phellandrene (4.8%) were identified in the stem. The main compounds of the root were -pinene (41.8%), -pinene (11.1%), -phellandrene (5.4%), limonene (4.8%), and p-cymene (4.6%). In addition, the significant compounds of A. maclurei leaf were -pinene (53.0%), -pinene (13.9%), cis-sabinyl acetate (3.9%), and limonene (3.1%), while the stem was dominated by -pinene (47.1%), with significant amounts of -pinene (5.75%), caryophyllene oxide (5.7%), and -caryophyllene (5.5%).