Leandro Cabral Zacharias

Trombose de veia central da retina em paciente usuária de interferon e ribavirina: relato de caso

Interferon and ribavirin are medications widely used in the treatment of some systemic diseases, mainly hepatitis C. Ribavirin when associated with interferon increases the rate of success of this treatment. There are about 170 million patients with chronic hepatitis C in the world, many in use of these medications. The classic associated retinopathy is described as cotton wool exudates and hemorrhages. Since the first reports, several different ocular disturbances were described in association with interferon. The present case shows a patient whose right eye presented with central retinal vein occlusion and whose left eye presented the typical findings of hemorrhages; prompt resolution after the medications were discontinued.

Does "cataract campaign" attract private practice patients?

Objetivo: Avaliar qual o tipo de assistencia medica utilizada pelo paciente que procura as Campanhas da Catarata. Metodos: Foram realizadas 299 entrevistas com pacientes que participaram da Campanha da Catarata do dia 15 de abril de 2000, no Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo. Resultados: Dos entrevistados 58,9% eram do sexo masculino e 41,1 % do sexo feminino; a idade media foi de 69,9 anos. A populacao estudada e composta principalmente por pessoas de baixa escolaridade (89,5% eram analfabetas ou com escolaridade ate primeiro grau) e economicamente inativos em 70,9% (aposentados, 50,2%; desempregados, 8,3% e donas de casa, 12,5%). Os meios de assistencia medica mais utilizados sao servico publico em 87,0%, convenio medico em 8,0% e medico particular em 4,9%. Os principais motivos alegados pelos pacientes que dispunham de convenio e nao o utilizaram, foram: nao cobria a cirurgia em 25%, nao dava cobertura para a lente intra-ocular em 33%. Conclusao: O publico alvo da Campanha da Catarata atendido no HC-FMUSP e constituido por individuos de baixa escolaridade, a maioria nao integrada no mercado de trabalho, e que utilizam como recurso de saude o SUS ou convenios medicos que nao cobrem os gastos da cirurgia de catarata. Projetos catarata dentro das condicoes realizadas por este estudo nao atraem pacientes que possam pagar os custos da cirurgia de catarata.

Fellow Eye Macular Edema Improvement after Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Radiation Retinopathy

Radiation retinopathy (RR) is a progressive, chronic condition directly related to the amount of radiation administered to the retina. We report a 37-year-old patient with medulloblastoma that was treated with external beam radiation and presented to us with bilateral cystoid macular edema. He was treated with monthly bevacizumab injections only in his worst seeing eye. There was a significant improvement in his fellow eye, with marked retinal thickness reduction. Therefore, we present clinical evidence of systemic absorption and fellow eye activity of the drug (bevacizumab). One must be aware of distant side effects after intravitreal injections.

Hemorragia submembrana limitante interna em paciente após Valsalva: relato de caso

To report a case of a patient with Valsalva retinopathy that developed sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage, underwent pars plana vitrectomy and had visual acuity improvement after that. A 35-year-old healthy patient presented with sudden and painless vision loss of her right eye, after coughing. During the ophthalmologic evaluation, she had a pre-macular hemorrhage and no other abnormalities. Initially, we chose for expectant management, but the hemorrhage did not clear totally. Thus, pars plana vitrectomy associated with internal limiting membrane peeling was indicated, with considerable improvement of her visual acuity, without perioperative complications or significant findings in the optical coherence tomography, autofluorescence and multifocal electroretinogram. In this case, sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage treatment with vitreoretinal surgery was relatively useful, with visual acuity improvement and resolution of sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage.

Wegener's granulomatosis: cases reports

Wegener granulomatosis (WG) is characterized by a classic triad of granulomatous inflammation of the respiratory tract, necrotizing vasculitis and nephritis. The absence of renal disease defines a subset of limited WG . Approximately 50% of WG patients develop ophthalmic disease. The histopatological study and +c-ANCA were essential to make a definite diagnosis in these cases.

Neuropatia óptica auto-imune: relato de caso

We report on a 9-year-old female patient who had bilateral severe visual loss and was treated with oral corticosteroids. Visual improvement occurred in one eye. Nine years later she presented relapse of visual loss in her only seeing eye. Pulse corticosteroid therapy resulted in dramatic visual improvement followed, however, by progressive and complete visual loss as soon as the corticosteroid was tapered. Repeat treatment did not result in visual improvement. Clinical and laboratory investigation failed to find a systemic disease but the patient had positive antinuclear (1/640), anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies. Autoimmune optic neuropathy is a rare condition that may mimic an idiopathic optic neuritis and is characterized by acute visual loss, without systemic disease but with laboratory evidence of an autoimmune disorder, usually a positive ANA. A skin biopsy usually shows evidence of vasculitis. This condition should be treated aggressively, with corticosteroids and immunosuppressant, since the visual involvement is usually worse than that of idiopathic/desmyelinating optic neuritis.

Prevalence of outer retinal tubulation in eyes with choroidal neovascularization

BackgroundOuter retinal tubulations (ORTs) are branching tubular structures located in the outer nuclear layer of the retina. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of ORTs observed in eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) undergoing treatment with anti-angiogenic intravitreous injection (IVI) with anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) at the Ophthalmology Department of a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsThis is a descriptive study based on medical charts and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography (Sd-OCT) scans of 142 patients (158 eyes) treated between 2012 and 2014 with IVI of anti-VEGF for CNV. The patients’ data was analysed according to age, gender, pathology, presence of ORTs, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Patients with and without ORTs were compared according to the last BCVA obtained using Chi square corrected by the Yates factor.ResultsORTs were found in a total of 40 out of 158 eyes (25.31xa0%) with CNV; in 33 out of 119 eyes (27.7xa0%) with neovascular age-related macular disease (AMD); in 5 out of 8 eyes (62.5xa0%) with neovascular angioid streaks; and in 2 out of 12 eyes (16.67xa0%) with myopic neovascular membranes. Most patients with ORTs had BCVA worse than 20/200, significantly worse BCVA than patients without ORTs.ConclusionsRecent studies have considered that the presence of ORTs is indicative of a photoreceptor degeneration process and may represent a final stage of multiple retinal degenerative pathologies. The prevalence of ORTs in eyes with CNV has not been well described, especially when considering the Brazilian population treated in a public health care system. In our study, ORTs were observed in only three different pathologies: neovascular AMD, neovascular angioid streaks and myopic neovascular membranes. The correct recognition of ORTs is fundamental for its differentiation from intraretinal cysts, for the latter is related to the activity of neovascular diseases, and usually guides anti-angiogenic therapy. We conclude that ORTs have a high prevalence in the population studied, and their correct identification presents relevant therapeutic implications.

Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy masquerading as choroidal tumors: one year follow-up of a peripheral lesion

This case report describes peripheral idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV) with a collection of small aneurysmal dilations that masqueraded as choroidal tumors in an elderly patient. A 68-year-old African American woman was referred to us with a suspected diagnosis of asymptomatic vascular choroidal tumor and choroidal capillary hemangioma, affecting the temporal peripheral fundus. Upon examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed two large hemorrhagic pigment epithelium detachments (PED), and indocyanine green angiography (ICG) confirmed the diagnosis of IPCV. One year later, there was reduction in the hemorrhagic pigment epithelium detachments and the lesion took on a different appearance, resembling a choroidal osteoma. No treatment was necessary despite the presence of multiple polyps. IPCV is a rare condition that can resemble other choroidal diseases depending on the stage of presentation. OCT is the best tool to determine the characteristics of the lesions, and indocyanine green angiography should be used to confirm the diagnosis. Not all cases require treatment.

Case report: pneumatic retinopexy for the treatment of progressive retinal detachment in senile retinoschisis.

Retinoschisis is an abnormal separation of the retinal layers and is asymptomatic in most cases. Enlargement of the area of retinoschisis and retinal tear and detachment are possible complications of the disease, and the treatment of retinoschisis is controversial. In this case report, we present a case of retinal detachment associated with senile retinoschisis in which pneumatic retinopexy was chosen as the treatment of choice and was performed successfully in one of the eyes. After a literature review on retinoschisis and pneumatic retinopexy for the treatment of associated retinal detachment, we found only one case that was successfully treated without drainage of subretinal fluid, using air as the filler. However, no previous reports have been found in the literature on the effectiveness of pneumatic retinopexy using C3F8 as the sole treatment for progressive retinal detachment in senile retinoschisis.

Vitreorretinopatia exsudativa familiar simulando doença de Coats: relato de caso

We report the case of a seven year-old male patient, born at term without any perinatal complications, referred to the Retina/Vitreous Service for diagnostic elucidation. He had a history of progressive visual acuity loss on his left eye that started four years ago. On examination, he had decreased corneal diameter and corectopia of the right eye (OD), without any noteworthy findings on the biomicroscopy of the left eye (OS). The fundus of the OD revealed total retinal detachment, and the OS initially showed peripheral retinal vascular abnormalities and retinal exudation, associated with retinal vitreous traction on the temporal sector. The CT and MRI of the brain/orbits showed no abnormalities, except for findings suggestive of an old retinal detachment on the OD, confirmed by ultrasonography, which also showed microphthalmia of the OD. The diagnosis of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, a rare disease of autosomal dominant inheritance and related to consanguineous marriages, that can initially simulate Coats disease, was proposed. The patient was treated with diode laser photocoagulation in the temporal periphery of the OS, with improvement in the areas of vitreoretinal traction.