Leandro Pin Dalvi

CARACTERÍSTICAS BIOLÓGICAS DE TRICHOGRAMMA EXIGUUM EM OVOS DE ANAGASTA KUEHNIELLA E SITOTROGA CEREALELLA

O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter informacoes sobre alguns aspectos biologicos de Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platiner, (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) criado nos hospedeiros alternativos Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) e Sitotroga cerealella Oliver (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), visando a producao desses parasitoides para utilizacao no controle biologico de pragas. A maior taxa de parasitismo de T. exiguum foi encontrada em ovos de A. kuehniella. A viabilidade foi superior em ovos de S. cerealella. A razao sexual foi semelhante para ambos os hospedeiros alternativos. Estes resultados demonstram que ambos hospedeiros alternativos podem ser utilizados na criacao massal de T. exiguum, porem levando em consideracao a importância da taxa de parasitismo, A. kuehniella demonstrou maior aptidao.

Selection of Trichogramma species for controlling the Diamondback moth

Biological characteristics of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma acacioi, T. atopovirilia, and T. bennetti were studied to select the one with better performance on the control of the Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Parasitism rate, viability, and sex ratio were studied. Parasitism rate ranged from 1.67 to 41.33%. T. atopovirilia and T. acacioi were respectively the most and less aggressive species. The viability ranged from 6.20% for T. acacioi to 53.34% for T. atopovirilia. There were no differences on sex ratio (P < 0.05) that remained above 0,88. T. atopovirilia was the species with best performance in the laboratory when rearing on the Diamondback moth eggs.

Ocorrência de Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) danificando mudas de Crataeva tapia

This research is aimed at comunicating the occurrence of cabbage caterpillar Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), causing damage to Crataeva tapia (L.) (“tapia”). It was verified 100% of desfoliation indicating that these larvae caused severe damaged to “tapia”. Besides this, they consumed epidermis causing death of all seedlings.

TABELA DE VIDA DE FERTILIDADE DE TRICHOGRAMMA EXIGUUM (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE)

Trichogramma e um dos mais importantes inimigos naturais e tem sido utilizado com sucesso em diversos programas de controle biologico de pragas em todo o mundo. O objetivo foi obter uma tabela de vida para Trichogramma exiguum em diferentes geracoes, quando criados em ovos dos hospedeiros alternativos Anagasta kuehniella e Sitotroga cerealella. O experimento foi desenvolvido a 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% de umidade relativa e 14 horas de fotofase, e foi avaliado a duracao media de uma geracao (T), taxa liquida reprodutiva (Ro), razao infinitesimal de aumento (rm) e a razao finita de aumento (?). Os resultados mostraram que T. exiguum foi mais eficiente quando se utilizou o hospedeiro A. kuehniella, mostrando ser esse inseto o mais indicado para a criacao massal desse parasitoide.

First report of parasitism of the Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of urbanus proteus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) ( L.)

Aiming to verify the presence of eggs parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma, for using in the biological control of insects pests, were collected eggs from long tailed skipper butterfly, a lepidopteran defoliator of snap beans, which presented eggs with parasitism characteristics (dark eggs). The eggs were taken to the laboratory were 44.9% of parasitism was verified. Viability was 96.3%, with an average of 6.6 individuals per egg and a sexual ratio of 0.93. Male specimens were identified as Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja. It is the first report of parasitism in this host and culture.

OCORRÊNCIA DE PARASITÓIDES ASSOCIADOS À BROCA-DO-CAFÉ NO SUL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO-BRASIL

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrencia de insetos parasitoides, da broca-do-cafe, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) em plantios de cafe no Sul do Estado do Espirito Santo. Os parasitoides encontrados foram Prorops nasuta (Hym.: Bethilidae) e Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Hym.: Bethilidae), com niveis de parasitismo de ate 33%. A presenca destes inimigos naturais sugere um potencial de regulacao natural de H. hampei, e perspectivas para utilizacao em programas de Manejo Integrado de Pragas.

Selection of native isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota, Hypocreales) for the control of the coffee borer beetle Hypothenemus hampei (Scolytinae) in Brazil

Selection of native isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota, Hypocreales) for the control of the coffee borer beetle Hypothenemus hampei (Scolytinae) in Brazil Hypothenemus hampei (coffee borer beetle or coffee berry borer) is the main pest of coffee Coffea spp. in the world. The aim of this study was to select native isolates of the ascomycete Beauveria bassiana for biological control of this pest. We collected 27 isolates on H. hampei from the state of Espírito Santo in Brazil. Isolates CCA-UFES/Bb-15, Bb-11, Bb-4 and Bb-18 were selected, with confirmed beetle mortality of > 60% after spraying with a suspension of 105 conidia/mL. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of these isolates varied from 4.0 × 104 to 7.9 × 104 conidia/mL. The standard isolate (ESALQ-447) showed the highest conidiogenesis, with 8.5 × 106 conidia, followed by CCA-UFES/Bb-18, Bb-11, Bb-15 and Bb-4, all exceeding 4 × 106. Isolates CCA-UFES/Bb-4, Bb-11, Bb-15, and Bb-18 have a potential to control H. hampei.

Mulches for yacon cultivation

In Brazil, studies on commercial exploitation of yacon are still scarce. A growing interest in this vegetable has demanded some researches on this crop cultivation management, though. Considering that yacon has a long cycle, which exposes the soil, studies on mulch management will be of great value. We used a randomized complete block design, with five replicates, under different soil mulches for yacon cultivation: two plastic film covers (black and double-sided), four mulches (corn husk, coffee husk in three levels), and the control (bare soil). Plastic mulch can be used for yacon cultivation, considering that the double sided plastic provides greater production of total roots; however, the same yield of the most valued roots was obtained using black plastic. The second highest total productivity and the highest commercial yield in the most valued root classes were obtained using 50 L m-2 of coffee husk as mulch, representing a good alternative for farmers.

CRESCIMENTO E ALOCAÇÃO DE BIOMASSA DE PROPÁGULOS DE TRAPOERABA: EFEITO DO NÚMERO DE NÓS E PROFUNDIDADE DE ENTERRIO

Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar o crescimento de plantas de Commelina beghalensis a partir de secoes de caule sob influencia do numero de nos e profundidade de enterrio. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetacao e instalando seguindo um esquema fatorial de 3x3, sendo propagulos com 1, 2, 3 nos nas profundidades de plantio de 1, 5 e 10 cm, com 4 repeticoes e 3 propagulos por parcela. Os propagulos foram plantados na posicao horizontal em vasos com capacidade de 3 dm3 contendo 1/3 de latossolo vermelho-amarelo, 1/3 de areia e 1/3 de esterco bovino. Ao final do experimento, foi avaliada a massa da materia fresca da parte aerea (MFPA) e da raiz (MFR), o comprimento da parte aerea (CPA) e da raiz (CR) e massa da materia seca da parte aerea (MSPA) e da raiz (MSR). O aumento de profundidade restringiu a emergencia de plântulas, o CPA, MFPA e MSPA. O numero de nos por propagulo influencia no desenvolvimento de plântulas.

Occurrence of insects causing injuries to the yacon crop

This research aimed to catalog insects that cause injury to the yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius, familia Asteraceae) crop, in order to identify those who may cause damage. The study was carried out in Alegre, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. Cultivation began in May 2013 and the harvest was done 180 days later. Three species from the Coleoptera order: Lagria villosa (Coleoptera: Lagriidae); Cerotoma arcuata and Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and two species from the Lepidoptera order: Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chlosyne lacinia saundersii (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) were observed causing damage to the yacon crop. The caterpillar C. lacinia saundersii, known as sunflower caterpillar, was the most important species, being observed throughout the yacon cycle.