Lécio Resende Pereira Júnior

Espécies da Caatinga como alternativa para o desenvolvimento de novos fitofármacos

Grande parte do semiarido brasileiro encontra-se em avancado processo de degradacao e poucos estudos direcionam seu desenvolvimento em consonância com essa realidade. Diante deste contexto, foi realizado um levantamento etnobotânico, a fim de subsidiar pesquisas sobre fitofarmacos ocorrentes em especies da Caatinga. Para tal, foram aplicados questionarios a 256 familias, visando a documentar o conhecimento local referente as especies arbustivo-arboreas utilizadas como medicinais pela populacao rural do municipio de Monteiro-PB. Procurou-se, por meio do levantamento floristico de um fragmento florestal, com aproximadamente 30 anos de conservacao, verificar a distribuicao das especies citadas nas entrevistas. Constataram-se 37 especies identificadas no fragmento florestal avaliado e 38 no levantamento etnobotânico, com 14 especies em comum entre os levantamentos. As especies Myracrodruon urundeuva, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Amburana cearensis, Triplaris gardneriana, Anadenanthera colubrina, Hymenaea courbaril e Bauhinia cheilantha apresentaram-se promissoras para pesquisas voltadas a obtencao de fitofarmacos.

Carbon stocks in a tropical dry forest in Brazil

The dry forests are the type most widely distributed vegetation in the tropics, and studies aimed at quantifying the carbon stock in these forests are important for it to be quantified their participation as mitigating the effects of climate change. With that in mind, the aim of this research was to quantify the carbon stocks in the woody, herbaceous, litter and root components of a patch of dry tropical forest, with 30 years of regeneration in Iguatu-CE, Brazil. Initially the vegetation was inventoried by means of a floristic and phytosociological survey of the woody component in a 1 ha area which had been under conservation. The biomass was then estimated employing allometric equations, and the stored carbon was quantified. Stocks of carbon in the litter and the herbaceous plants were determined by monitoring their biomass over 24 months, with subsequent conversion into carbon. Carbon stocks in the roots were estimated as the product of their biomass and carbon concentrations, for this were collected 20 samples at a depth of up to 30 cm deep in the dry and rainy season. It was found that the carbon content varies with the chamber and evaluated by adding carbon stored in woody compartments (19,27 t ha-1) litter (2.62 t ha-1) plants herbaceous (0.57 t ha-1) and roots (4.73 t ha-1), the total carbon stored in the dry tropical forest with 30 years of regeneration is around 27.19 t C ha-1. The dry tropical forest acts effectively in reducing CO2 atmospheric.

Espécies da Caatinga como Alternativa para o Desenvolvimento de Novos Fitofármacos / Caatinga Species as an Alternative to the Development of New Phytochemicals

Grande parte do semiarido brasileiro encontra-se em avancado processo de degradacao e poucos estudos direcionam seu desenvolvimento em consonância com essa realidade. Diante deste contexto, foi realizado um levantamento etnobotânico, a fim de subsidiar pesquisas sobre fitofarmacos ocorrentes em especies da Caatinga. Para tal, foram aplicados questionarios a 256 familias, visando a documentar o conhecimento local referente as especies arbustivo-arboreas utilizadas como medicinais pela populacao rural do municipio de Monteiro-PB. Procurou-se, por meio do levantamento floristico de um fragmento florestal, com aproximadamente 30 anos de conservacao, verificar a distribuicao das especies citadas nas entrevistas. Constataram-se 37 especies identificadas no fragmento florestal avaliado e 38 no levantamento etnobotânico, com 14 especies em comum entre os levantamentos. As especies Myracrodruon urundeuva, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Amburana cearensis, Triplaris gardneriana, Anadenanthera colubrina, Hymenaea courbaril e Bauhinia cheilantha apresentaram-se promissoras para pesquisas voltadas a obtencao de fitofarmacos.

NUTRIENT CYCLING AND CO2 EMISSIONS IN AREAS OF PRESERVED AND THINNED CAATINGA

1 Received on 01.02.2016 accepted for publication on 24.04.2017. 2 Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária, Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola, Teresinha, Brasil. E-mail: <deoagro@hotmail.com>. 3 Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola,Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: <eandrade@ufc.br>. 4 Instituto Federal de Educaçãoe Tecnologia, Ceará, Campus Iguatu, Brasil. E-mail: <helbaraujo23@yahoo.com.br>. 5 Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Ceará, Brasil. E-mail: <leciojunio@hotmail.com>. *Corresponding author.

Thermotherapy in treating fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.): effects on health and physiological quality

Thermotherapy is a physical treatment consisting of the exposure of seeds to the action of heat over time. The aim was to assess the health and physiological quality of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), both freshly harvested and stored for three years, and submitted to thermotherapy. Two experiments were conducted. In the first, thermotherapy was carried out on freshly-harvested fennel seeds obtained under different cropping systems: T1 - Monocrop fennel treated with the insecticide, thiamethoxam; T2 - Monocrop fennel without the application of insecticide; T3 - Fennel intercropped with cotton and treated with insecticide; T4 - Intercropped fennel without the application of insecticide. In the second experiment, seeds were used which had been stored for three years and obtained from plants, both treated and untreated with insecticide. The seeds were exposed to dry heat for different periods (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days) at 70 °C. The tests performed included: health, germination, first count, speed germination index, seedling length and dry weight. The cropping systems had no influence on the incidence of the fungus Alternaria sp. Stored fennel seeds coming from plants treated with insecticide, display better health and physiological quality. A period of 12 days of thermotherapy is effective in controlling the fungus Alternaria sp. without causing losses in the viability of the fennel seeds.