Lee N. Cunningham

Relationship of Running Economy, Ventilatory Threshold, and Maximal Oxygen Consumption to Running Performance in High School Females

The purpose of the study was to relate three determinants of distance running success, (a) maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), (b) ventilatory threshold (VT), and (c) running economy (RE), to actual running time in a 5-km race (ART). Twenty-four female runners (M age = 15.9 years) from four high school teams that competed at the Massachusetts All-State 5-km Cross Country Championship Meet and placed 1st, 7th, 19th, and 20th were tested in the laboratory. The mean VO2max of these runners was 61.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, HRmax 201 b.min-1, VEmax 100 L.min-1, and RER 1.10. The VT occurred at 79% of the VO2max, and HR of 184 b.min-1 (92% of HRmax). The velocity at VT (vVT) and velocity at VO2max (vVO2max) was correlated with ART, r(22) = .78 and .77 (p less than .001), respectively. The VO2 at VT and at maximal exercise was correlated with ART by r(22) = -.66 and -.69 (p less than .001), respectively. The VO2 at 215 m.min-1 (8 mph) was poorly related to ART, r(22) = -.05, p greater than .05. It was concluded that either of the derived variables vVT and vVO2max appear to explain significant variation in distance running performance among adolescent female cross country runners.

Body Composition and Somatotype of Male and Female Nordic Skiers.

Abstract Body composition and somatotype characteristics were determined from measurements taken on 11 men and 5 women who were members of the U. S. Nordic Ski Team and in summer training during the summer of 1975. Mean body composition characteristics for men were height, 179.0 cm; weight, 71.8 kg; density, 1.085 g/ml; relative fat, 7.2%; and lean body weight (LBW), 67.1 kg. Respective means for women were 164.5 cm, 56.9 kg, 1.062 g/ml, 16.1%, and 48.6 kg. Both groups were very lean in comparison with nonathletic populations and were comparable to the leanest athletes of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements for both sexes showed small values for measures of variance (SD, range, coefficient of variation) suggesting that the subjects represented a select body type. Mean somatotypes (Heath-Carter anthropometric method) for men and women were 1.95-4.45-3.00 (ectomorphic mesomorph) and 3.5-4.3-2.3 (endomorphic mesomorph). Somatotypes for each sex were confined to a small area of the somatochart, again sugg...