Leena Srivastava

The potential contribution of renewable energy in air pollution abatement in China and India

The potential for the use of renewable sources of energy in China and India and their cost effectiveness in air pollution abatement in Asia is studied. This is done through an integrated assessment of the costs and the environmental impacts of several types of renewables, in comparison with fossil fuels. Results for different scenarios for fuel use in China and India for the period 1990–2020 are presented. The acidification model RAINS-ASIA is used to analyze environmental impacts (exceedance of critical loads for acidification) and to perform an optimization analysis, aiming at minimizing abatement costs. The costs of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission-control through the switch to renewable energy sources are analyzed and compared with the costs of controlling the emissions from fossil fuels (e.g. through flue gas desulfurization). For the environmental targets analyzed in this study an increased use of renewable energy could cut SO2 emission-control costs in China by 17–35%, and in India by more than two thirds.

Energy and CO2 emissions in India: increasing trends and alarming portents

Abstract Ninety-eight percent of the carbon dioxide emissions in India are accounted for by energy related activities. Of this, nearly 48% is contributed by biomass combustion and the balance by the combustion of fossil fuel. The current paper presents some of the indicators of energy use in India including per capita energy consumption levels, the structure of energy consumption as well as efficiency of its utilization. The paper concludes by looking at some of the short and medium term projections for energy demand and their implications for CO 2 emissions and discusses the measures that need to be put in place to ensure a more effective utilization of energy. Particular attention is given to the current reforms in Indias energy sector and the role of appropriate energy pricing is highlighted.