Leenus Jesu Martin

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration using biofuels and an exhaust catalytic carbon capture system in a single-cylinder CI engine: an experimental study

ABSTRACT In the present study, tests were conducted to reduce CO2 emissions from a single-cylinder CI engine using biofuels and an exhaust catalytic carbon capture system (ECCCS) to evaluate CO2 sequestration of biofuels. Karanja oil is a second generation non-edible oil available abundantly in India. A Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) operated CI engine emits higher CO2 emissions due to the higher carbon content in its structure compared to diesel. Hence, the low carbon biofuel Orange oil (ORG) was blended on an equal volume basis with KOME. The blend reduced CO2 emissions by 27% compared to KOME at 100% load condition. For further enhancement, acetone (A) was blended 20% by volume basis with the KOME-ORG blend. CO2 emissions were reduced by about 30% for KOME-ORG + A20 blend compared to KOME at 100% load condition. Employing ECCCS along with KOME-ORG + A20 blend reduces CO2 emissions further. CO2 emissions are reduced by about 44% for KOME-ORG + A20 + Zeolite and reduced by about 32% for KOME-ORG + A20 + activated carbon. The results clearly indicate that KOME-ORG + A20 + zeolite is optimal among the blends based on carbon capture and maximum CO2 sequestration.

Reduction of self-heating effect in (Ga)ZnO thin film transistor

ABSTRACT RF magnetron sputtering technique was employed to fabricate gallium zinc oxide ((Ga)ZnO) semiconductor thin film transistor (TFT) at 100°C. X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the structure and morphology of (Ga)ZnO layer. Self-heating effect was very much reduced when compared with output characteristics of a TFT fabricated using undoped zinc oxide. The low deposition and processing temperatures make (Ga)ZnO-TFTs very promising for the flexible electronics.

Combined effect of fuel-design and after-treatment system on reduction of local and global emissions from CI engine

ABSTRACT This experimental study aims to mitigate harmful emissions from a CI engine using bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) approach. The engine used for this experimental work is a single cylinder CI engine with a rated power of 5.2 kW at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The BECCS approach is a combination of plant-based biofuels and carbon capture and storage (CCS) system. The whole investigation was done in four phases: (1) Substituting diesel with Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) (2) Equal volume blending of Orange oil (ORG) with KOME (3) 20% blending of n-butanol (B) with KOME-ORG blend (4) CCS system with zeolite based non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) and mono ethanolamine (MEA) based selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system with KOME-ORG + B20 blend. The experimental results show that substitution of diesel with KOME reduces smoke emission, but increases NO and CO2 emission. KOME-ORG blend reduces CO2 and smoke emissions with high NO emission due to combustion improvement. In comparison with the sole combustion of KOME at full load condition, the combination of KOME-ORG + B20 as bio-fuel with zeolite based post-combustion treatment system resulted in a maximum reduction of NO, smoke and CO2 emission by 41%, 19% and 15% respectively.

A mixed finite element and analytical method to predict load, mechanical power loss and improved efficiency in non-standard spur gear drives

A reasonably accurate estimation of gear power loss is desirable to maximize gear performance. The load share by teeth pair, contact stress, sliding speed, elastohydrodynamic film thickness and coefficient of friction are some of the most important contributing factors which determine frictional power losses in gears. This paper presents an improvement concept to minimize the load-related power losses (sliding and rolling power losses), which will lead to an enhancement in gear efficiency by selection of non-standard gears. The tooth thickness at the pitch circle of the pinion and gear is different in non-standard gears (kpπm > 0.5 πm and kgπm < 0.5 πm), whereas it is equal in standard gears (kpπm = kgπm = 0.5 πm). In this work, the load share-based frictional power loss and the respective mechanical efficiency have been determined for comparative performance of standard and non-standard gears. Finally, the influence of various gear and drive parameters such as gear ratio, pressure angle pinion teeth number and addendum height factor on gear efficiency has also been investigated and the results of the parametric study are discussed.