Leon S. Kind

IgE Antibody Response to Mite Antigens in Mite Infested Mice

Mice infested at birth with the mouse mite Myocoptes musculinus developed positive skin tests to mite antigens at the age of 5 weeks. Serum IgE antibodies directed against mite antigens were first detected at 6 weeks of age and high levels of IgE were present as long as 1 year later. Similar kinetics of IgE formation were observed in mice infected as adults. Mast cell degranulation by mite extract was demonstrated in connective tissue obtained from the skin of mite infested mice.

Enhancement of Reaginic Antibody Formation in the Mouse by Concanavalin A

SWR mice injected with Concanavalin A (Con A) and Ovalbumin (Ov) one immediately after the other or with mixtures of Con A and Ov produced reaginic antibodies to Ov (titer 1:80) after primary immunization and reaginic antibody levels of 1:640 after secondary immunization. Mixtures of Con A and Ov were shown to contain soluble complexes which could be precipitated by 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG). Mixtures of Con A and human serum albumin or Con A and bovine serum albumin did not form soluble complexes and did not induce detectable reagin formation. The possible role of soluble of Con A-Ov complexes in stimulating reaginic antibody is discussed.

Reaginic Antibody Formation in Mice Injected with Rabbit Anti-Mouse Thymocyte Serum

A new model system for inducing reaginic antibody formation in mice is presented, namely a single injection of rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum (RAMTS). Using this model we have shown that X-irradiat

The use of 3H serotonin release from mast cells of the mouse as an assay for mediator liberation.

The release of 3H 5-HT from murine mast cells is shown to be a simple reproducible method for studying the activation of such cells by various agents. 3H-serotonin was taken up by peritoneal cell suspensions in vitro and was released by antigen, Concanavalin A, Forssman antiserum, anti-mouse immunoglobulin, or a polypeptide antibiotic, Cinnamycin.

Inhibition of IgE Production in Mice by Non-Specific Suppressor T Cells

SWR adult normal splenic T lymphocytes injected into irradiated syngeneic mice along with immune spleen cells can suppress IgE formation by the immune cells. Spleen cells from 1- or 3-week-old mice, however, are not effective in abrogating IgE synthesis. The T lymphocytes which are induced to become suppressors for IgE are hydrocortisone-resistant and anti-thymocyte serum-sensitive. Normal SJL mice, a poor reagin-producing strain, do not appear to have more suppressor cells or cells which are more easily stimulated to become suppressor cells than a good reagin-producing strain (SWR).

Homologous adoptive cutaneous anaphylaxis (HoACA) — a method which detects IgG antibody in the mouse at the cellular level

We describe a new method, homologous adoptive cutaneous anaphylaxis (HoACA). HoACA will detect IgG at the cellular level if mice are immunized in such a manner that no IgE is synthesized. HoACA could be utilized for the same purposes as a previously described method, heterologous adoptive cutaneous anaphylaxis (HACA). HACA detects IgE at the cellular level and has been used primarily to study the establishment of tolerance. It has also been used for localizing the site of IgE formation and for determining the effect of drugs on IgE formation.

Suppression of IgE antibody formation in mice: requirement for T-T lymphocyte interaction.

Norman SWR mice injected with syngeneic spleen cells from ovalbumin (Ov)-primed mice were unable to make IgE anti-Ov antibodies when challenged with alum-pertussis-Ov. Immune T lymphocytes were shown to be responsible for the inhibitory effects of adoptively transferred spleen cells. Treatment of recipient mice with mild x-irradiation or with cyclophosphamide 2 or 3 days before cell transfer resulted in abrogation of the suppressor effect of immune cells. The injection of T lymphocytes into x-irradiated milce restored the suppressive effect of immune cells. It thus appears that immune T cells provide the stimulus for activation of suppressor T cells of the host. Although the generation of suppression is antigen-specific, the expression of suppression appears to be nonspecific.

Enhanced Reaginic Antibody Formation to Ovalbumin in Mice Given Repeated Injections of Concanavalin A

Mice injected with 4 weekly doses of concanavalin A arabinogalactan complex (Con A-AG) give a secondary type of IgE response when they encounter ovalbumin (Ov) for the first time. The IgE-enhancing effect of Con A-AG immunization applies to Ov but not to various other antigens. However, no cross-reaction appears to exist at the humoral level between Con A and Ov. The apparent priming of mice to Ov by Con A can be adoptively transferred to syngeneic irradiated recipients by spleen cells.

Induction and suppression of reagins in the neonatal mouse.

Neonatal SWR mice are capable of synthesizing reagins when immunized with a mixture of concanavalin and ovalbumin or a mixture of Bordetella pertussis, alum and ovalbumin. Reaginic antibody-forming cells can be found in the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and Peyers patches. Tolerance with respect to IgE can be induced by the injection of deaggregated ovalbumin into neonatal mice.

Environmental galactans which react with iga myeloma t191b.

Six different Balb/c IgA myeloma proteins have been found which bind multiple β-D (16)-linked β-galactopyranose residues. They are J1, S10, X24, X44, J539, and T191B (1). The independent production of different myeloma proteins with the same activity suggests that common natural antigens are present in the environment of the Balb/c mouse and that plasmacytomas may have their origin from precursor cells responding to these natural antigens (2). In fact, it has shown been that S10 and T191B myeloma proteins precipitate with antigenic materials present in food and bedding of mice (3). We now report additional galactans present in the environment of the mouse which precipitate with T191B. One of them, a phosphogalactan from Sporobolomyces sp. consists of approximately equal amounts of α1, 6- and α1, 3-galactosyl linkages (4). Materials and Methods. Myeloma tumor T191B was obtained from Dr. Michael Potter (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD) and was maintained in Balb/c female mice by subcutaneous passage of tumor fragments. Animals were bled from the ophthalmic plexus after the appearance of a palpable mass and the sera from these animals were pooled. Quantitative microprecipitin reactions were carried out by adding various concentrations of polysaccharide antigens to 70-μl aliquots of T191B serum and incubating the reactants for 24 hr at 4°C. The N content of the precipitates which formed was determined by Nesslerization (5). Inhibition assays were performed by mixing the inhibiting hapten with T191B serum before the addition of an amount of polysaccharide antigen which gave maximal precipitation. Screening tests for pollen extracts which would precipitate with T191B serum were carried out by adding 0.025 ml of extract to 0.025 ml of serum, adjusting the volume to 2 ml with isotonic saline, and incubating the mixture at 37°C for 15 min and then overnight at 4°C. In most cases precipitation occurred within minutes.