Leonarda Grillo Neves

Produtividade e qualidade de frutos de cultivares de maracujazeiro‑amarelo com ou sem polinização artificial

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of artificial pollination on productivity and fruit quality of yellow passion fruit cultivars. Seven commercial cultivars of yellow passion fruit were evaluated in two experiments carried out in Tangara da Serra, MT, Brazil, in a randomized block design with five replicates and plots consisting of two rows of four plants. In the first experiment, pollination was natural, whereas in the second it was artificial, performed twice a week. Planting was done on January 11, 2010, and harvests occured from July 2010 to March 2011. Artificial pollination increase the productivity of all cultivars, but their response to the technique varied. When artificial pollination was used, the cultivars FB 100, FB 200 and BRS Ouro Vermelho had a higher productivity than IAC 275, IAC 277, BRS Sol do Cerrado e BRS Gigante Amarelo. Artificial pollination increases productivity, fruit mass, diameter and length of fruit, and pulp percentage, and it reduces peel thickness. Strong genotype by environment interaction may be occurring, as for the productivity of the evaluated cultivars.

Ganho de seleção no melhoramento genético intrapopulacional do maracujazeiro‑amarelo

The objective of this work was to estimate the selection gain associated to traits of agronomic importance, in the intrapopulation genetic breeding of yellow passion fruit. The experiment was carried out in the field, in Terra Nova do Norte, MT, Brazil, by evaluating 111 full-sib families (FSF) and six commercial cultivars, used as controls. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with three replicates and four plants per plot. The following traits were evaluated: productivity, fruit length, diameter and weight, pulp percentage and weight, skin thickness, and soluble solid content. In order to determine the genetic variability between genotypes, the populations genetic parameters were estimated based on the means of the families. The 30 genotypes with the lowest sum of ranks, according to Mulamba & Mocks selection index, were selected to estimate genetic gains. High mean values were observed for the evaluated characteristics and genetic parameters in the 26 FSF and in the four controls selected. The selection index provides positive genetic gains as to: productivity, pulp percentage and weight, fruit length, diameter and weight, and skin thickness.

Estabilidade fenotípica de alfaces em diferentes épocas e ambientes de cultivo

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotipica das cultivares de alface tipo crespa em diferentes epocas de cultivo em condicoes de alta temperatura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5 x 7 x 2, sendo cinco cultivares (Veronica, Vera, Cinderela, Isabela e Veneranda), sete ambientes (campo aberto, sombrite 30; 40; 50% de luz e malhas termo refletoras 30; 40 e 50%) e duas epocas de cultivo (outubro a dezembro de 2008) e (julho a setembro de 2009), com quatro repeticoes. Em relacao a producao total e producao comercial a cultivar Veronica foi a que se destacou com relacao a producao. Houve diferenca no desempenho produtivo das cultivares em relacao as epocas de cultivo. E os parâmetros do coeficiente de determinacao e indice de variacao da variavel numero de folhas sao proximos da unidade, apresentando uma maior estabilidade. A cultivar Veronica se manteve mais estavel nos periodos de producao respondendo melhor as epocas de plantio independente dos ambientes de cultivos. A cultivar Cinderela, em relacao as outras cultivares, manteve uma boa producao, sendo a segunda opcao para o cultivo.

Avaliação da repetibilidade no melhoramento de famílias de maracujazeiro

Tem-se procurado definir, em programas de melhoramento, o periodo minimo de avaliacoes para comparacao de genotipos, o qual e de longo prazo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar o coeficiente de repetibilidade, por meio de analise de variância e de metodos multivariados, das caracteristicas fisicas e quimicas importantes no processo de selecao de frutos do maracujazeiro, para uma predicao acurada e eficiente. Houve concordância nas magnitudes dos coeficientes de repetibilidade obtidas pelos diferentes metodos, conferindo-lhes maior confiabilidade. As estimativas do coeficiente de repetibilidade obtidas pelo metodo da analise de variância foram sempre menores do que as estimativas obtidas pelos demais metodos. Os resultados demonstraram que ha confiabilidade de 80% no processo seletivo a partir de 10 medicoes nas caracteristicas avaliadas.

Predição de ganhos, com diferentes índices de seleção, para características de frutos do maracujazeiro- amarelo

The passion fruit has attracted great interest among the fruit growers, by its fast production relative to other fruit species and for its excellent market acceptance. The aim of this study was to compare predicted gains obtained by simultaneous selection of characters using several selection index and criterions for different yellow passion fruit characteristics. For this study 113 families from crosses that followed the I Design have been used. It was observed, that the selection used in fruits size characteristic provided answer correlated to increase pulps quantity. It was evident for both the genotypes analyses as the phenotype analyses, the major gains was observed, for all five index studied, when was applied the female genetic variation coefficients as economic weight. The Smith and Hazel, Pesek and Baker, Williams and Mulamba and Mock´s Index were satisfactory, because provided satisfactory total gains from genotypic and phenotypic analysis.

Avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão-caupi pelo teste de condutividade elétrica

Evaluation of cowpea seed quality by electrical conductivity The electrical conductivity of the seed soaking solution is a procedure recommended for the evaluation of vigor in pea and soybean seeds. However, it was not so well established in other species. The objective of this work was to evaluate their effects on physiological quality of cowpea seeds. Four batches of cowpea seeds were tested for germination, first count of germination, germination percentage, emergence percentage, rate of emergence, radicle and variations in electrical conductivity (temperature 25 °C; volumes of 75 mL and 100 mL of water, 25 and 50 seeds, and 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours periods). The experimental design was a completely randomized with four replicates for each treatment. Based on these results, it was found that the electrical conductivity test was efficient in the separation of seed lots according to their vigor levels.

Predição de ganhos genéticos utilizando o Delineamento I em população de maracujazeiro

This study aimed to evaluate the potential population of passion for agronomic traits and to estimate genetic parameters for prediction of earnings. And still evaluating responses to selection and the earnings from the alternative selection. Were studied in this work, alternative selection of Design I in passion fruit: selection among males, females and males (all males) among females (independent of males), females and males selected, and combined selection. This disclosed the presence of genetic variability in the population, which is quite favorable to the improvement in that the genetic heterogeneity possible to obtain gains through selection. In all production characteristics evaluated, the combined selection (CS) was the one that gave greater selection gains.

Otimização do uso dos descritores morfo-agronômicos de mandioca em análise multivariada

This paper aims to evaluate and characterize the cassava accessions that are being introduced into the germplasm collection of UNEMAT present in the experimental field EMPAER at the city of Caceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil. It was also analyzed the use of morpho-agronomic descriptors as its efficiency with the use of multicategory variables through multivariate analysis. In each accession were analyzed and assessed 40 morphological and agronomic traits, which are considered essential to the tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability of Manihot accessions ssp. The study showed that excluding the group of least descriptors obtained results from about 92% similarity compared with the use of all words. Results obtained from 38 accessions of cassava germplasm bank of UNEMAT Caceres campus, show genetic variability.

Evaluation of common bean accesses with multi-category variables.

The morphologic traits of the common bean genotype ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Caceres MT, Brazil, are evaluated to optimize genotypes for future improvement breeding cultures. Sixteen genotypes were evaluated through 33 morphological characters. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with four replicates at the Mato Grosso Company for Research and Extension (EMPAER) in Caceres, Mato Grosso State. A dendrogram was produced by Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) and Plan projection. Results showed the occurrence of genetic variability among the genotypes and the dendrogram revealed the formation of two main groups, one comprised genotypes of the black group and the other comprised genotypes of the Cores and Carioca group, placed side by side. This fact may also be observed by a projection on a bi-dimension plane. The most divergent materials were LP 98-122 and Jalo Precoce, whereas the most similar genotypes were IPR Chopin and BRS Grafite, IPR Chopin and Grauna, IPR Chopin and LP 98-122. Genotypes in the experiment have a possible genetic variability of being used in genetic breeding programs.

Parametric and non-parametric indexes applied in the selection of sour passion fruit progenies

Several traits must be observed in the selection of sour passion fruit progenies. For such, selection indices could be used for gradually increasing the frequency of favorable genotypes for the set of the traits of interest. This study aimed to compare parametric and non-parametric selection indices to be used in the selection of passion fruit progenies and identify the best economic weights. Thus, 118 full-sib families and three controls were assessed for days regarding flowering, productivity in kg ha-1 year, fruit mass in g, number of fruits, average length of fruits in mm, average fruit diameter in mm, fruit shape, average shell thickness in mm, pulp yield, pulp color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and SS/ATT ratio. The non-parametric selection indexes used to obtain genetic gains were Mulamba and Mock, genotype-ideotype distance, multiplicative and Elston. Smith and Hazel, Williams and Pesek and Baker parametric indexes were used, with different economic weights attributed. The Mulamba and Mock, genotype-ideotype distance nonparametric selection indexes and the Williams parametric index showed satisfactory and balanced gains. The genetic variation coefficient, genetic standard deviation and random weight economic weights provided higher gains for non-parametric selection indexes. Similar gains were obtained for parametric indexes, regardless of assigned weight, except for Pesek and Baker, whose genetic standard deviation provided the highest gain.