Leonid Mikhailovich Lobanov

Technology and Equipment for Determination of Residual Stresses in Welded Structures Based on the Application of Electron Speckle-Interferometry

The technology and equipment for determination of residual stresses in the welded structures, using electron speckle-interferometry combined with the hole-drilling method (ESPI-HD), have been described. A special new approach to the conventional method of speckle-interferometry to investigate the stress gradients over the test object surface has been added. The developed equipment has been applied for determination of residual stresses in the different structures: the gas-turbine rotor, the welded shell and the structural elements with the large grain size.

Solution to the problem of combination of spatial rigidity, stability and compactness in loadcarrying shells of challenging space habitats

D of atmospheric aerosol properties is a key step in many meteorological and energy fields. This is the case for solar concentrating systems, where atmospheric turbidity is the main attenuating factor under cloudless sky conditions. Remote sensing and ground-based observations have experienced large advances in the retrieval of several aerosol parameters in recent years. Different methods have been developed for automatic detection of cloudless conditions. Unfortunately, these automatic cloud screening algorithms are not totally reliable, and could lead to biased results. In this study, we analyze the efficiency of the cloud screening method used in the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) to provide their Level 1.5 data from raw Level 1.0 data from the radiometric site located in Huelva (Spain). The presence of clouds is detected from visual inspection of digital images obtained by an all-sky camera, which is located/co-located with the AERONET sunphotomer. A total of 240 days with concurrent data for both the sun photometer and the all-sky camera were available for the year 2015. Results show that about 10% of Level 1.5 sun photometric data are contaminated with clouds. On the other hand, we also found cloud-free sky cases where raw Level 1.0 data were removed from Level 1.5. The effect of misclassification on the average daily aerosol optical depth is also presented.M component analysis (MCA) is a successful example of a sparse image decomposition algorithm. Building on MCA, a multi-scale sparse image decomposition method, called m-MCA, is presented in this paper. M-MCA combines Curvelet Transform bases and Local Discrete Cosine Transform bases to form the decomposition dictionary and controls the entries of the dictionary to decompose the image into texture component and cartoon component. From the aspect of the amount of information, a remote sensing image (RSI) fusion method based on multi-scale sparse decomposition is proposed. Via sparse decomposition, the effective scale texture component of high resolution RSI and cartoon component of multi-spectral RSI are selected to be fused together. Compared to the classical fusion method, the proposed fusion method gets higher spatial resolution and lower spectral distortion with a little computation load. Compared to sparse reconstruction fusion method, it achieves a higher algorithm speed and a better fusion result.S disk depth (ZSD), a measurement of the maximum viewable depth of a white or black-and-white disk with a diameter about 30 cm when lowered into water, holds the longest (from at least 1880’s) records of water transparency. This ZSD data record is found not only important for the study of climate change, but also useful for seagoers. However, there has been no standard ZSD product from all satellite ocean color missions. This may in part lie in that there was no robust algorithm to estimate ZSD of global oceans from ocean color measurements, although numerous empirical relationships were developed for various locations. In addition, the classical visibility theory suggests that ZSD is proportional to the inverse of (K+c), with K the diffuse attenuation coefficient and c the beam attenuation coefficient. Because c is significantly (2-5 or more) larger than K and that c could not be analytically retrieved from ocean color remote sensing, it has been perceived that there could be no analytical or semi-analytical algorithm for ZSD from ocean color measurements. A recent study found that this classical interpretation of ZSD is flawed, and a new theoretical relationship is developed for ZSD. With concurrent measurements of ZSD and remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) of wide range of aquatic environments, the performance of the estimation of ZSD with Rrs as inputs by the classical and the new approaches is evaluated. The excellent results of the new relationship indicate a robust system to produce global ZSD from satellite ocean color measurements.S rings consist of a huge number of water ice particles, with a tiny addition of rocky material. They form a flat disk, as the result of interplay of angular momentum conservation and the steady loss of energy in dissipative interparticle collisions. For particles in the size range from a few centimeters to a few meters, a power-law distribution of radii, ~ r−q with q≈3, has been inferred; for larger sizes, the distribution has a steep cutoff. It has been suggested that this size distribution may arise from a balance between aggregation and fragmentation of ring particles, yet neither the power-law dependence nor the upper size cutoff have been established on theoretical grounds. Here, we propose a model for the particle size distribution that quantitatively explains the observations. In accordance with data, our model predicts the exponent q to be constrained to the interval 2.75≤q≤3.5. Also an exponential cutoff for larger particle sizes establishes naturally with the cutoff radius being set by the relative frequency of aggregating and disruptive collisions. This cutoff is much smaller than the typical scale of microstructures seen in Saturn’s rings.S disk depth (ZSD), a measurement of the maximum viewable depth of a white or black-and-white disk with a diameter about 30 cm when lowered into water, holds the longest (from at least 1880’s) records of water transparency. This ZSD data record is found not only important for the study of climate change, but also useful for seagoers. However, there has been no standard ZSD product from all satellite ocean color missions. This may in part lie in that there was no robust algorithm to estimate ZSD of global oceans from ocean color measurements, although numerous empirical relationships were developed for various locations. In addition, the classical visibility theory suggests that ZSD is proportional to the inverse of (K+c), with K the diffuse attenuation coefficient and c the beam attenuation coefficient. Because c is significantly (2-5 or more) larger than K and that c could not be analytically retrieved from ocean color remote sensing, it has been perceived that there could be no analytical or semi-analytical algorithm for ZSD from ocean color measurements. A recent study found that this classical interpretation of ZSD is flawed, and a new theoretical relationship is developed for ZSD. With concurrent measurements of ZSD and remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) of wide range of aquatic environments, the performance of the estimation of ZSD with Rrs as inputs by the classical and the new approaches is evaluated. The excellent results of the new relationship indicate a robust system to produce global ZSD from satellite ocean color measurements.T made at the Institute for Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of an instrument system for the synchronous recording of variations in the neutron flux, the atmosphere electric field strength and the electromagnetic radio emission during lightning discharges is reported. Neutrons were detected at Yakutsk (altitude 94m, latitude 61°59.362’ N, longitude 129°41.874’ E) by a lowenergy cosmic-ray SNM-15 leadcovered neutron counter and lead-free neutron counter with 10-μs resolution are obtained during short-range lightning events in the vicinity of Yakutsk. In the immediate vicinity of the neutron detectors the electric field-mill was installed to register the electric field and its variations during thunderstorms. The electric field-mill was calibrated in an artificial electric field and has a measurement range of ±50 kV/m. A linear antenna is mounted in the vicinity of neuron detectors to sense the short-term electric field variations associated with a lightning discharge. It was found that the neutron bursts are observed in the negative lightning discharge only. It was established that all the neutron flux bursts were observed during the thunderstorms with the only type of electric structure of the thundercloud having a compact positive charge at the bottom. We discuss the possibility of generation of neutrons in the lower part (the point of impact into the ground) lightning discharge.

Prospects for application of transformable-volume structure technologies in the designing of space vehicles

The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster that occurred on February 1, 2003 has aro used interest in the development of new methods for non-destructive testing of insul ation and thermal protection coatings of spacecraft s and fuel tanks. Methods of ultrasonic diagnostics, which are widely applied for non-destructive testing of diff erent constructions, are ineffective for polyurethanes f oam insulation or silicate fiber tiles due to their high porosity, which leads to high levels of acoustic attenuation. Microwave diagnostics could be a good alternative o ultrasonic testing because electromagnetic waves ha ve low attenuation in such media. A new method for using the holographic subsurface radar to reveal internal defects of foam materials was proposed, and experi ments on models of thermal insulation coatings were performe d. The experimental results were displayed in the f orm of radar images on which defects in the heat insulatio n were shown to provide a good contrast and effecti v detection.A lot of high quality information, both experimental and theoretical, about spectra of molecular gases has been obtained in the last time for the purpose of atmospheric and astronomic applications. For example, very detailed linelists were calculated for: water vapor H2 16O BT2 (Barber-Tennyson containing about 500,000,000 transitions), HD16O–VTT (Voronin, Tennyson, Tolchenov~700,000,000 transitions), some other gases–NH3 Byte (~1.1 billion transitions), SO2 (4,000,000), CH4 (~1 billion transitions). All these line lists involve huge number of strong and weak lines, which possess accurate line position and strength. But other spectroscopic parameters, such as air-broadening, self-broadening, temperature exponents are absent. So, there is a need to determine these parameters for different applications. This present work is aimed at developing of simple methods of estimation of needed line parameters for HD16O. Also similar data will be presented for H2 16O, NH3, CO, SO2.I the case of unexpected occurrence due to an unforeseen defect, the grid-connected photovoltaic systems could operate below their optimal performance. Thus, the implementation of a monitoring system becomes paramount to measure the energy yield and to assess the system performance.The monitoring-inverter via a router, which is a device integrating a smart phone, will communicate by satellite. To allow the satellite communication, it is necessary to integrate a data-logger and a chip inside the inverter. The present work focuses on the defect detection in a grid-connected photovoltaic system by satellite monitoring, and the yield control for timely intervention to prevent economic losses. Throughout the literature review, we will present some approaches and methodologies. We will discuss, among other points, the limits of the approaches. We will then present our proposed methodology as a promising approach for defect detection grid-connected PV systems via satellite monitoring, achieving highly good results.O of the emerging technologies that can be used to study the rate of vegetation is spectral remote sensing. This study includes two types of image data Hyper spectral satellite image and Multi spectral satellite image. Hyper spectral satellite image data was used to calculate different spectral indices. The study on spectral indices which show some significant changes with variation in vegetation are discussed. These spectral indices normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), simple Ratio pigment index (SRPI), red edge (Clrededge) and SG (VI green) are used to monitor the vegetation. All these spectral indices stated above showed significant changes with change in rate of chlorophyll and nitrogen concentration. The graph plotted for different wavelengths verses the reflectance values showed different curves for change in the area. Hence satellite images can give lot of information that needs to be explored. Three datasets of Multi spectral satellite image data (7 Dec 2013, 8 Jan 2014, 9 Feb 2014) have been acquired from Land sat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager)/TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) satellite periodically by providing appropriate path and row in order to assess the growing stages of crop. The acquired images are in the form of a set of bands. Appropriate bands are combined to form a multispectral RGB image. A spectral line graph is plotted by using reflectance data of the specified area of crop. It is found that there is high reflectance in green bands during growing stage and this value gets decreased during the near harvesting stage. Also NDVI value has been calculated at each stage. The status of the maize crop has been concluded by experimental analysis at Laboratory and by using NDVI values. Finally, it is observed that the crops are healthy.