Leonildo Bento Galiza da Silva

Glanders in donkeys (Equus asinus) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: a case report

The clinical, anatomical and histopatological findings of glanders diagnosis in donkeys in the state of Pernambuco-Brazil are reported. The animals were euthanized and necropsied, and evaluated for lesions in respiratory and lymphatic systems, confirming the disease by isolation of Burkholderia mallei and Strauss test.

Dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum in free-living Bradypus variegatus (Schiz, 1825) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Three cases of dermatophytosis in free living brown-throated three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus) in the Zona da Mata, North of Pernambuco State, Brazil, were studied. Two animals presented areas of alopecia on the pelvic member and thorax and one animal on the pelvic member only. The three animals presented scabs. Hair and scabs samples were submitted to microscopical examination after treatment with a 30 % KOH and cultivated in Mycosel Agar. The direct examination indicated the presence of arthrospores in the hair. Colonies grown after seven days of culture were confirmed as Microsporum based on examination of the structure of the macroconidia. This is the first observation of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum in free living sloths in the State of Pernambuco.

Atividade anti-fúngica do neem e jurema-preta sobre cepas de Candida spp isolados de vacas com mastite subclínica no Estado de Pernambuco

The leaves of neem were collected on farms of the city of Patos-PB, and the bark of jurema-preta was collected in the UFCG - Campus of Patos-PB, and the extracts were prepared from the ethanol. The samples of Candida spp. were collected in milk of cows with subclinical mastitis and sown in plates of Petri containing agar-base 5% increased of de-fiber blood of sheep Sabouraud. The plates were incubated in bacteriological greenhouse 37 oC and the reading was carried through with 24 and 48 h. The assays were carried through in duplicate and the final result was determined by the arithmetic mean of inhibition halos. The microbiological evaluation of these assays demonstrated that the extract from the bark of jurema-preta showed antifungal activity quite satisfactory on the yeast C. albicans, providing superior results to those obtained with the extract of neem and fluconazol.

Isolamento microbiológico do canal auditivo de cães saudáveis e com otite externa na região metropolitana de Recife, Pernambuco

Otitis externa (OE) is the term used to describe inflammation of the external ear canal. This disease has many etiologies, occurs in several species and is particularly common in dogs. The resident microbiota microorganisms are commonly involved in the OE etiopathogenesis, being frequently appointed as perpetuator agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological profile of dogs with healthy ears and of others with otitis in the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. With the aid of sterile swabs, samples of right and left ear of 41 dogs, 11 with and 30 without OE, were collected. Bacterial and fungal isolation was performed with cultured samples; positivity was observed in 80% of animals with healthy ears, with the presence of more than one microrganism in 38 samples (63.3%), whereas in dogs with OE, the positivity was 95.3% with polymicrobial infection in 77.3% samples. With regard to the genus, the microbiological profile was identical between healthy and diseased dogs. The microrganisms isolated were Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus, Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Malassezia sp.

Mastites em ruminantes no Brasil

Mastitis is a complex disease and is considered one of the main causes of losses to the global dairy industry. The objective of this review was to compile information for the last ten years of mastitis in ruminants in Brazil. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 48.64% in cattle, 30.7% in goats, 31.45% in sheep and 42.2% in the buffalo species, with especial participation of Staphylococcus spp. in the etiology. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of mastitis were related to problems in environmental sanitation and handling of animals. The largest percentage of resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials was for penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and neomycin. The use of molecular tools for diagnosis of mastitis-causing agents in the country is still scarce, making it difficult to obtain a faster, sensitive and specific diagnosis.

Assessment of the effectiveness of the PPD-mallein produced in Brazil for diagnosing glanders in mules

To assess the potency of the PPD-mallein produced in Brazil, five animals were from a property identified as a focus of glanders. These animals had suggestive clinical signs of the disease and the other five, from a property free from glanders, showed no clinical signs and were serology negative (control group). PPD-mallein from Burkholderia mallei was obtained by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and ammonium sulfate. The animals were inoculated according to the criteria established by Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) for the diagnosis of glanders. After 48 h of application of PPD-mallein, there was swelling in the area of application, presence of ocular secretion and tears in sick animals. The control group showed no inflammatory reaction at the site of inoculation of PPD-mallein. This immunogen produced in Brazil and still being tested was effective for identifying the infection in true positive animals and excluding the truly negative ones, being a new possibility for diagnosis and control of glanders

Neospora caninum em bovinos em matadouros de Pernambuco e Alagoas

Bovine neosporosis is an infectious disease caused by Neospora caninum, obligate intracellular parasite, and is considered a major cause of abortion in cattle in various countries. The objective was to study the occurrence of N. caninum in cows and fetuses in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil. We collected 306 blood serum samples from slaughtered cows and 30 fetuses in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas. For serological diagnosis, we used the technique of immunofluorescence reaction (RIFI) with a cutoff 1:200 for sera of cows and fetal sera used cutoff 1:25 parasitic DNA research, we used tissue fetal submitted to the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Serological assays, we observed 39/306(12.6%) of the positive cows and 5/30 (16.7%) of positive fetuses. To detect the parasite 8/30 (26.6%) of fetuses were PCR positive. The results of this study as the presence of parasites in fetuses are unprecedented for this region and allow us to conclude that this agent should be included in the study of causes of bovine abortion in this region of Brazil.

Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de amostras de Burkholderia mallei isoladas na Região Nordeste do Brasil

The objective of this paper was to study the molecular performance and phenotypic characterization of Burkholderia mallei isolated from horses with clinical and serological diagnosis of glanders, originating from the Metropolitan District of Recife and Zona da Mata of Pernambuco and Alagoas. The isolation and biochemical identification of B. mallei was carried out by microbiological and molecular techniques of PCR-fingerprinting and RAPD-PCR. From the eight samples studied, four showed little phenotype variations. In the molecular tests, the samples formed 4 groups of different ribotype profiles and 4 genotype profiles. There was some association of PCR-fingerprinting with RAPD-PCR results. It was concluded that the slight biochemical variations were not associated with different molecular profiles. They also indicated that these differences show heterogeneity associated with the origin of the sample, indicating that the infection was caused by clones of different strains and that the polymorphism of DNA observed could make it difficult to choose one standard strain for an immune prophylactic treatment of glanders.

Microbiologia de swabs retais e otológicos em carnívoros silvestres do zoológico do Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos, Pernambuco

The epidemiological study of pathogens in wild populations in the environment in situ and ex situ is essential for implementation of prevention, control and monitoring of diseases and for development of public policies for public and animal health. The study was conducted at the Zoo of Parque Estadual de Dois Irmaos, Recife/PE, Brazil, from January to July 2011, where we collected anal and otological swabs from 29 Zoos captive wild carnivores. The analysis of the otological swabs showed that 1/29 (3.4%) were positive for Malassezia pachydermatis on direct examination. In the microbiological examination of otologic swabs we found mainly bacteriae of the genus Bacillus 16/29 (55.2%), followed by Staphylococcus 15/29 (51.7%), Escherichia coli 7/29 (24.1%), Streptobacillus 1/29 (3.4%), Micrococcus 1/29 (3.4%) and Klebsiella 1/29 (3.4%). Regarding the presumptive test for the genus Sal monella from rectal swabs, positive samples were observed in six foxes (Cerdocyon thous) and a raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus). The isolation of Salmonella spp. in C. thous and P. can crivorus indicates risks to public health, especially for zoo professionals who work directly with these animals. This research reinforces the importance of establishing surveillance strategies aimed at prevention, control and monitoring of potential reservoirs of the etiologic agents of infectious and parasitic diseases in the environment of zoos.

Recuperação de Mollicutes do trato reprodutivo de bovinos leiteiros no Estado de Pernambuco

The aim of the present study was to report the occurrence of members of the Mollicutesclass in the reproductive system of dairy cattle in Brazil. Five farms containing dairy cattle were visited in January of 2012. In total, 100 cows of different ages, breeds and stages of lactation were examined in the present study. The cows were part of intensive or semi-intensive management systems and were submitted to mechanical milking or hand milking. The samples were collected after washing the vulvar region with water and soap, and then drying it with paper towels and disinfecting the area with alcohol (70°GL). Vaginal mucous was collected using a sterile alginate cotton swab, which was rubbed on the vagina, as well as the lateral and internal walls. Vulvovaginal mucous samples were cultured in both liquid and solid modified Hayflick´s medium, for mycoplasmas, and UB medium, for ureaplasmas. The PCR assays for Mollicutesand Ureaplasmaspp. were performed according to the standard protocols described in the current literature. During isolation, the frequency of Mycoplasmaspp. was of 13.0% (13/100) and for Ureaplasmaspp. was of 6.0% (6/100). In the PCR assays the frequency of Mollicuteswas of 26.0% (26/100) and for Ureaplasmaspp. was of 13.0% (13/100) in the dairy cattle studied. This is the first report of these agents in reproductive system of bovine of the Pernambuco state. Further studies are necessary to determine the pathogenic potential and species of these field isolates.