Leslie J. Francis

The development of an abbreviated form of the revised Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQR-A): Its use among students in England, Canada, the U.S.A. and Australia

Abstract An abbreviated form of the EPQR, consisting of four scales of 6 items each, is developed from the 48-item short form EPQR. The reliability of the scales of this abbreviated questionnaire, together with their correlations with the longer parent scales of the short form EPQR and the well established EPQ, are explored among samples of 685 students from England, Canada, the U.S.A. and Australia. The data are presented for the four cultural contexts seperately. The 24-item abbreviated EPQR (EPQR-A) is recommended as a reliable functional equivalent to the 48-item short form EPQR (EPQR-S). Attention is drawn to the need for further research and development to improve short indices of psychoticism.

Measuring attitudes towards christianity: from childhood into adulthood

Abstract The Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity Form ASC4B was developed originally for use among 8–16 year olds. A slightly modified version of this scale ASC4B (Adult) was completed by 185 men and women between the ages of 18 and 64 years. The results support the unidimensionality, reliability and validity of this attitude scale among an adult population.

Measuring attitude towards Christianity during childhood and adolescence.

Abstract The Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity, Form ASC4B, was completed by 3600 pupils attending non-churchrelated state maintained schools in England from the first year of the junior school through the fifth year of the secondary school. The results support the consistent unidimensionality, reliability and validity of the scale from the third year of the junior school through the fifth year of the secondary school. While the formal statistics of unidimensionality, reliability and validity remain quite impressive for the first and second years of the junior school, the performance of the scale among this younger age group is less satisfactory than among the older age groups. Norms are presented for boys and girls from each year group separately, demonstrating a persistent decline in attitude towards Christianity for both sexes between the ages of 8 and 16 yr.

Is psychoticism really a dimension of personality fundamental to religiosity

Abstract Eysencks most recent three-dimensional model of personality both clearly predicts a theoretical relationship between personality and religiosity and provides psychometric instruments for testing this theory. The theory hinges on the nature of psychoticism. In review of conflicting evidence from previous research, the present study tests this theory by employing two indices of psychoticism and two measures of religiosity among a sample of 1347 14- to 16-year olds in England. The data demonstrate significant negative relationships between both measures of psychoticism and both measures of religiosity for both sexes, lending further empirical support to the view that psychoticism is a dimension of personality fundamental to religiosity. Recommendations are made for further research.

The internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the Francis scale of attitude toward Christianity (adult) among undergraduate students in the U.K., U.S.A., Australia and Canada

Abstract The internal consistency reliability, unidimensionality and construct validity of the Francis scale of attitude toward Christianity (adult) is supported among four samples of undergraduate students: 378 in the U.K., 212 in the U.S.A., 255 in Australia and 231 in Canada.

Happiness as stable extraversion : A cross-cultural examination of the reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Inventory among students in the U.K., U.S.A., Australia, and Canada

Abstract The Oxford Happiness Inventory and the short form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were completed by four samples of students: 378 in the U.K., 212 in the U.S.A., 255 in Australia, and 231 in Canada. The findings confirm the internal reliability of the Oxford Happiness Inventory and support the view that happiness could be called stable extraversion.

Burnout among Roman Catholic Parochial Clergy in England and Wales: Myth or reality?

A sample of 1,468 Roman Catholic parochial clergy in England and Wales completed a modified form of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, together with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The data demonstrated higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization among Roman Catholic parochial clergy than were reported in a comparable study among Anglican parochial clergy by Rutledge and Francis (2003). Extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism scores are shown to be significant predictors of self-assessed burnout.

Personality and religion among college students in the U.K.

Abstract The short form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was completed by 126 undergraduate students together with the Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity. The data are consistent with the findings from a series of studies employing the same measure of religiosity among school pupils. According to these findings there is an inverse relationship between psychoticism and religiosity, while neither neuroticism nor extraversion is either positively or negatively related to religiosity. These findings are discussed in terms of Eysencks theory relating personality to social attitudes and in light of discrepant findings proposed by other studies conducted among adult samples. Suggestions are made for further research.

The Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being and Christian Faith and Practice in an Australian Population Sample

A random sample of 989 adults in an Australian community survey completed the Bradburn Balanced Affect Scale together with three measures of Christian faith and practice: belief in God, personal prayer, and church attendance. The data demonstrated a positive association between all three religious measures and psychological well-being. The analysis helps to account for discrepant findings in previous research.

The impact of personality and religion on attitude towards substance use among 13–15 year olds

A sample of 11,173 13-15 year old secondary school pupils completed a scale of attitude towards substance use alongside the short form of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, measures of personal religiosity and an index of denominational identity. The data demonstrate that a negative attitude toward substance use is associated with tendermindedness, introversion, stability and social conformity. Personal religiosity and membership of Protestant sects are also positively correlated with rejection of substance use, even after controlling for individual differences in personality.