Liamara Perin

Resposta do feijão-caupi à inoculação com estirpes de Bradyrhizobium recomendadas para a soja

The use of inoculants containing N-fixing bacteria for cowpea in the regions North, Northeast, and Central-West of Brazil is on the rise every year. However, in some cases, strains recommended for soybean have been used despite the existence of specific strains for cowpea. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Bradyrhizobium strains recommended for soybean in cowpea nodulation and development. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with cultivar BRS Guariba, evaluating the soybean recommended strains: SEMIA 5079 (= CPAC15), SEMIA 5080 (= CPAC7), SEMIA 587 and SEMIA 5019 (= BR 29), two strains indicated for cowpea: SEMIA 6462 (= BR 3267) and SEMIA 6464 (= BR 3262), one mineral nitrogen treatment, and one control. The results showed that strain 587 presented similar biological nitrogen fixation efficiency in cowpea like the strains SEMIA BR 3262 and BR 3267. On the other hand, despite the high cowpea nodulations by the strains CPAC 15 and CPAC 7, the plant development, nodular efficiency and N accumulation was less efficient than of the strains BR 3262 and BR 3267, showing that cowpea inoculation with these strains is not advisable.

Diversity and nitrogen fixation efficiency of rhizobia isolated from nodules of Centrolobium paraense

The objective of this work was to isolate and characterize rhizobia from nodules of Centrolobium paraense and to evaluate their symbiotic efficiency. Soil samples collected from four sites of the Roraima Cerrado, Brazil, were used to cultivate C. paraense in order to obtain nodules. Isolates (178) were obtained from 334 nodules after cultivation on medium 79. Twenty-five isolates belonging to six morphological groups were authenticated using Vigna unguiculata and they were characterized by 16S rRNA. Isolates identified as Bradyrhizobium were further characterized using rpoB gene sequencing. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with C. paraense to test the 18 authenticated isolates. Approximately 90% of the isolates grew slowly in medium 79. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that 14 authenticated isolates belong to the genus Bradyrhizobium, and rpoB indicated they constitute different groups compared to previously described species. Only four of the 11 fast-growing isolates nodulated V. unguiculata, two of which belong to Rhizobium, and two to Pleomorphomonas, which was not previously reported as a nodulating genus. The Bradyrhizobium isolates ERR 326, ERR 399, and ERR 435 had the highest symbiotic efficiency on C. paraense and showed a contribution similar to the nitrogen treatment. Centrolobium paraense is able to nodulate with different rhizobium species, some of which have not yet been described.

Polyphasic characterization of Gluconacetobacterdiazotrophicus isolates obtained from different sugarcane varieties

A polyphasic approach was applied to characterize 35 G. diazotrophicus isolates obtained from sugarcane varieties cultivated in Brazil. The isolates were analyzed by phenotypic (use of different carbon sources) and genotypic tests (ARDRA and RISARFLP techniques). Variability among the isolates was observed in relation to the carbon source use preference. Glucose and sucrose were used by all isolates in contrast to myo-inositol, galactose and ribose that were not metabolized. The results of the analysis showed the presence of two groups clustered at 68% of similarity. The genetic distance was higher when RISA-RFLP analysis was used. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences from isolates showed that all of them belonged to the G. diazotrophicus species. Neither effect of the plant part nor sugarcane variety was observed during the cluster analysis. The observed metabolic and genetic variability will be helpful during the strain selection studies for sugarcane inoculation in association with sugarcane breeding programs.

Mecanismos de controle da murcha-de-esclerócio e promoção de crescimento em tomateiro mediados por rizobactérias

This study was conducted to elucidate the possible mechanisms responsible for the biocontrol of southern blight and the elements involved in tomato growth promotion by selected rhizobacteria. The rhizobacteria were characterized by carbon source utilization, fatty acid profiles, and 16S rDNA sequencing, while biocontrol mechanisms were investigated using biochemical indicators and bioassays. The rhizobacteria clustered within Agrobacterium and Kluyvera. The results indicated that iron competition and antibiosis are mechanisms that explain the biocontrol capability of southern blight by rhizobacteria. In the same way, auxin production and biological nitrogen fixation can explain growth promotion. Limitations of biological control were demonstrated because the competition capability is strain-specific for Sclerotium rolfsii, and antibiosis depends on the nutritional composition of growth media.

Diversity and capacity to promote maize growth of bacteria isolated from the Amazon region

Maize plants can establish beneficial associations with plant growth-promoting bacteria. However, few studies have been conducted on the characterization and inoculation of these bacteria in the Amazon region. This study aimed to characterize endophytic bacteria isolated from maize in the Amazon region and to assess their capacity to promote plant growth. Fifty-five bacterial isolates were obtained from maize grown in two types of ecosystems, i.e., a cerrado (savanna) and a forest area. The isolates were characterized by the presence of the nifH gene, their ability to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and solubilize calcium phosphate (CaHPO4), and 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing. Twenty-four bacteria contained the nifH gene, of which seven were isolated from maize plants cultivated in a cerrado area and seventeen from a forest area. Fourteen samples showed the capacity to synthesize IAA and only four solubilized calcium phosphate. The following genera were found among these isolates: Pseudomonas; Acinetobacter; Enterobacter; Pantoea; Burkholderia and Bacillus. In addition, eight isolates with plant growth-promoting capacity were selected for a glasshouse experiment involving the inoculation of two maize genotypes (a hybrid and a variety) grown in pots containing soil. Inoculation promoted the development of the maize plants but no significant interaction between maize cultivar and bacterial inoculation was found. A high diversity of endophytic bacteria is present in the Amazon region and these bacteria have potential to promote the development of maize plants.

Infection of Legumes by Beta-Rhizobia

College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan; Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK; EMBPRAPA-Agrobiologia, km 47, Seropedica, 23851-970, RJ, Brazil; EMBRAPA-Cedrrados, Planaltina, Brasilia, 73301-970, DF Brazil; Department of Plant Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OXI 3RB, UK; Depto de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, UESC, km 16, Ilheus 45662-000 BA, Brazil; Faculdade de Agronomia, UFMT, Cuiaba, 78060-900, MT, Brazil; LSTM, IRD/CIRAD/INRA/AGROM/UMII, 34398 Montpellier, France