Liana Paraianu

Prediction of the forming limit band for steel sheets using a new formulation of hora's criterion (MMFC)

The paper analyzes the dispersion of the mechanical parameters and its influence on the forming limit curves of sheet metals. The tests have been made for the case of the DC01 steel sheets. The dispersion of the mechanical parameters has been observed during the experimental research. On the basis of this dispersion, a forming limit band has been calculated using an alternate formulation of Hora’s model (MMFC).

Recent Developments in the Formability of Aluminum Alloys

The paper presents a few recent contributions brought by the authors in the field of the formability of aluminum alloys. A new concept for calculating Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) using the finite element method is presented. The article presents a new strategy for calculating both branches of an FLD, using a Hutchinson ‐ Neale model implemented in a finite element code. The simulations have been performed with Abaqus/Standard. The constitutive model has been implemented using a UMAT subroutine. The plastic anisotropy of the sheet metal is described by the Cazacu‐Barlat and the BBC2003 yield criteria. The theoretical predictions have been compared with the results given by the classical Hutchinson ‐ Neale method and also with experimental data for different aluminum alloys. The comparison proves the capability of the finite element method to predict the strain localization. A computer program used for interactive calculation and graphical representation of different Yield Loci and Forming Limit Diagrams h...

Variability Analysis of the Mechanical Parameters in order to Determine the Forming Limit Band

The variability of the so called noise factors greatly influences the results of any forming process (deep‐drawing, stretching, etc.). By taking into account this variability, the number of the rejected parts and the manufacturing costs will decrease. The aim of this work is to evaluate the variability of the mechanical parameters of a DC04 steel sheet (0.85 mm thickness). The experimental data needed for evaluating the variability of the mechanical parameters has been obtained from uniaxial tensile tests. A total number of 113 experiments have been made using samples cut at 0°, 45° and 90° with respect to the rolling direction. In this way, the yield stress and the plastic anisotropy coefficient have been determined for each of the orientations mentioned above. The power hardening law offers the possibility to study the variability of the following parameters: yield stress, strength coefficient and strain‐hardening exponent. Based on the dispersion of the stress‐strain curves, the mechanical coefficients...

Effect of the Constitutive Law on the Accuracy of Prediction of the Forming Limit Curves

The accuracy of the forming limit curves predicted by the Marciniak-Kuczynski model depends on the type and flexibility of the constitutive equations used to describe the mechanical response of the sheet metal. From this point of view, the yield criterion has the most significant influence. The paper presents a comparative analysis referring to the quality of the forming limit curves predicted by the Marciniak-Kuczynski model for the case when the plastic anisotropy of a DC04 sheet metal is described by the BBC2005 yield criterion. The coefficients included in the expression of the BBC2005 equivalent stress are evaluated using different identification strategies (with 4, 6, 7, and 8 mechanical parameters). The forming limit curves predicted by the Marciniak-Kuczynski model in each of the cases previously mentioned are compared with experimental data.

Increasing the robustness of the sheet metal forming simulation by the prediction of the forming limit band

The experimental research on the formability of metal sheets has shown that there is a significant dispersion of the limit strains in an area delimited by two curves: a lower curve (LFLC) and an upper one (UFLC). The region between the two curves defines the so‐called Forming Limit Band (FLB). So far, this forming band has only been determined experimentally. In this paper the authors suggested a method to predict the Forming Limit Band. The proposed method is illustrated on the AA6111‐T43 aluminium alloy.

Characterization of the plastic behaviour of AA6016-T4 aluminium alloy

The current trend in the automotive industry consists in decreasing the weight of the car body to reduce the fuel consumption and the air pollution. This can be done by using low-density materials such as the aluminium alloys having good formability. A frequently used aluminium alloy in the manufacturing of the car body components is AA6016-T4. The paper presents a full mechanical characterization of this material with 1 mm thickness. The investigation starts by performing tensile tests on specimens cut at 0o, 45o and 90o from the rolling direction. For each direction, the yield stress and the anisotropy coefficients are determined. The mechanical parameters of the Hollomon hardening law are determined using the experimental data obtained on samples cut along the rolling direction. Besides the uniaxial parameters, the equibiaxial yield stress and the equibiaxial coefficient of anisotropy are determined by performing bulge tests and compression tests, respectively. The yield surface is characterized in the first quadrant not only by the uniaxial and equibiaxial yield stresses but also by the yield stresses associated to the plane strain status. An experimental strategy for determining the plane strain parameters based on bulge tests is described in the paper. The characterization of the AA6016-T4 aluminium alloy ends with the determination of the forming limit diagram. The tests used for determining the limit strains are the punch stretching and hydraulic bulging.

Theoretical Prediction of the Forming Limit Band

Forming Limit Band (FLB) is a very useful tool to improve the sheet metal forming simulation robustness. Until now, the study of the FLB was only experimental. This paper presents the first attempt to model the FLB. The authors have established an original method for predicting the two margins of the limit band. The method was illustrated on the AA6111‐T43 aluminum alloy. A good agreement with the experiments has been obtained.

Influence of the Identification Procedure of the Yield Criterion on the Thickness Prediction of the Square Cup

The accuracy of the forming limit curves reported by the Marciniak-Kuczynski model as well as the quality of the predictions provided by the FE programs depend on the yield criterion that describes the anisotropic plastic behavior of the sheet metal. Two identification procedures of Barlat89 and BBC2005 are used in this paper. The first procedure is a conventional one well described in the literature [, while the second approach is developed by adding an experimental parameter determined in plane-strain state that allows establishing the exponent of the yield criteria. The mechanical response of the IF steel shows that the limit strains are strongly influenced by a small alteration of the yield surface. The influence of the yield criterion on the thickness predictions obtained in the simulation of a square cup deep drawing simulation is also studied.