Liangcai Cao

Micro displacement sensor based on line-defect resonant cavity in photonic crystal.

A micro displacement sensor and its sensing technique based on line-defect resonant cavity in photonic crystals (PhCs) are presented. The line-defect resonant cavity is formed by a fixed and a mobile PhC segments. With a proper operating frequency, a quasi-linear measurement of micro-displacement is achieved with sensitivity of 1.15 a(-1) ( a is the lattice constant) and Q factor of 40. The sensitivity can be adjusted easily by varying either Q factor or operating frequency of the sensing system. In addition, the sensing range can be broadened to -0.55 a ~0.60 a by using multiple operating frequencies. The properties of the micro displacement sensor are analyzed theoretically and simulated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.

Athermally photoreduced graphene oxides for three-dimensional holographic images

The emerging graphene-based material, an atomic layer of aromatic carbon atoms with exceptional electronic and optical properties, has offered unprecedented prospects for developing flat two-dimensional displaying systems. Here, we show that reduced graphene oxide enabled write-once holograms for wide-angle and full-colour three-dimensional images. This is achieved through the discovery of subwavelength-scale multilevel optical index modulation of athermally reduced graphene oxides by a single femtosecond pulsed beam. This new feature allows for static three-dimensional holographic images with a wide viewing angle up to 52 degrees. In addition, the spectrally flat optical index modulation in reduced graphene oxides enables wavelength-multiplexed holograms for full-colour images. The large and polarization-insensitive phase modulation over π in reduced graphene oxide composites enables to restore vectorial wavefronts of polarization discernible images through the vectorial diffraction of a reconstruction beam. Therefore, our technique can be leveraged to achieve compact and versatile holographic components for controlling light.

Security enhanced optical encryption system by random phase key and permutation key

Conventional double random phase encoding (DRPE) encrypts plaintext to white noise-like ciphertext which may attract attention of eavesdroppers, and recent research reported that DRPE is vulnerable to various attacks. Here we propose a security enhanced optical encryption system that can hide the existence of secret information by watermarking. The plaintext is encrypted using iterative fractional Fourier transform with random phase key, and ciphertext is randomly permuted with permutation key before watermarking. Cryptanalysis shows that linearity of the security system has been broken and the permutation key prevent the attacker from accessing the ciphertext in various attacks. A series of simulations have shown the effectiveness of this system and the security strength is enhanced for invisibility, nonlinearity and resistance against attacks.

Photochromic diarylethene for rewritable holographic data storage

A new diarylethene doped with poly(methyl methacrylate) film is developed and its characteristics of volume holographic recording are investigated. The maximum diffraction efficiency of the 10microm thick film is 1.2%, and the rewritable hologram recording exhibits its high resolution, fatigue resistance, negligible shrinkage, and long lifetime, which are critical to apply this material to high-density rewritable holographic data storage.

Fully computed holographic stereogram based algorithm for computer-generated holograms with accurate depth cues.

We propose an algorithm based on fully computed holographic stereogram for calculating full-parallax computer-generated holograms (CGHs) with accurate depth cues. The proposed method integrates point source algorithm and holographic stereogram based algorithm to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) scenes. Precise accommodation cue and occlusion effect can be created, and computer graphics rendering techniques can be employed in the CGH generation to enhance the image fidelity. Optical experiments have been performed using a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a fabricated high-resolution hologram, the results show that our proposed algorithm can perform quality reconstructions of 3D scenes with arbitrary depth information.

Image denoising with anisotropic bivariate shrinkage

This paper presents a novel image denoising algorithm based on the modeling of wavelet coefficients with an anisotropic bivariate Laplacian distribution function. The anisotropic bivariate Laplacian model not only captures the child-parent dependency between wavelet coefficients, but also fits the anisotropic property of the variances of wavelet coefficients in different scales of natural images. With this statistical model, we derive a closed-form anisotropic bivariate shrinkage function in the framework of Bayesian denoising and a new image denoising approach with local marginal variance estimation based on this newly derived shrinkage function is proposed in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain. The proposed anisotropic bivariate shrinkage approach is also extended to the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) domain to further improve the performance of image denoising. To take full advantage of DT-CWT, a more accurate noise variance estimator is proposed and the way the anisotropic bivariate shrinkage function applied to the magnitudes of DT-CWT coefficients is presented. Experiments were carried out in both the DWT and the DT-CWT domain to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Using a representative set of standard test images corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise, the simulation results show that the proposed method provides promising results and is competitive with the best wavelet-based denoising results reported in the literature both in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and in visual quality.

Accurate calculation of computer-generated holograms using angular-spectrum layer-oriented method.

Fast calculation and correct depth cue are crucial issues in the calculation of computer-generated hologram (CGH) for high quality three-dimensional (3-D) display. An angular-spectrum based algorithm for layer-oriented CGH is proposed. Angular spectra from each layer are synthesized as a layer-corresponded sub-hologram based on the fast Fourier transform without paraxial approximation. The proposed method can avoid the huge computational cost of the point-oriented method and yield accurate predictions of the whole diffracted field compared with other layer-oriented methods. CGHs of versatile formats of 3-D digital scenes, including computed tomography and 3-D digital models, are demonstrated with precise depth performance and advanced image quality.

Optical filter based on contra-directional waveguide coupling in a 2D photonic crystal with square lattice of dielectric rods.

A coupler-type optical filter in 2D photonic crystal (PhC) with square lattice of dielectric rods in air is presented. The reduced-index and increased-index waveguides of filter have dispersion curves with opposite slopes to realize contra-directional coupling, and the point of anti-crossing is designed below the light line to avoid vertical radiation. The filter has a broad operable bandwidth due to the absence of mini stop bands. The transmission properties are analyzed using coupled modes theory (CMT) and simulated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The results show that a filtering bandwidth of 4 nm can be achieved in the range of 1500~1600 nm, and over 83% drop coefficient is obtained.

Imaging spectral device based on multiple volume holographic gratings

A spectral device based on multiple holographic gratings is proposed. Several volume holograms are superimposed into a common volume of photorefractive crystal Fe:LiNbO 3 using the wavelength and angular multiplexing method. This device is implemented by only one single wavelength laser using a two-lambda method. The imaging function of the device is realized with convergent recording beams. It can reduce the spectral system because the focusing lens is removed. Because the diffraction efficiency and the spectral resolution of the superimposed volume holographic gratings could be very high, the spectral device could achieve attracting characteristics of the diffraction efficiency and spectral resolution. Theoretical analysis and model design are presented and a discrete spectral device working at four wavelengths is demonstrated. The device has a uniform diffraction efficiency of 10% and the resolution of 1 to 2 nm. In addition, it has the advantages of wide spectral coverage, simple structure, and flexible design.

Holographic kinetics for mixed volume gratings in gold nanoparticles doped photopolymer

A holographic kinetic model is proposed to quantitatively represent the dynamics of mixed volume gratings in a bulk gold nanoparticles (NPs) doped photopolymer. Due to the polymerization-driven multicomponent diffusion, the volume refractive index grating is induced by the periodic spatial distribution of photoproduct while the absorption grating is formed by the periodic spatial distribution of gold NPs. By simulating this model with the characterization of time varying absorption modulation, it is capable to describe the behavior of gold NPs in both the polymerization and the multicomponent diffusion process. The temporal evolution of refractive index modulation and absorption modulation can be extracted, respectively, from a diffraction efficiency curve by fitting the model. The established model could be an effective method for understanding the photophysical and photochemical mechanism of holographic nanocomposite.