Lih-Rong Wang

Management and Outcome of Primary Vaginismus

Our objective was to access the success rate, and the factors affecting it, of treatment based on Masters and Johnsons sex therapy. For this prospective study, we enrolled 120 couples with unconsummated coitus due to vaginismus. We made a clinical diagnosis after taking a detailed history taking and conducting a clinical examination. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding characteristics of vaginismus after participating in a face-to-face interview. Both of these were done prior to treatment, after 3 months, and after 12 months. We provided sex therapy based on Masters and Johnsons method. Treatment results were then analyzed. After therapy, 93.3% of vaginismic women were successfully penetrated, and 83.3% had regular intercourse with orgasm. The abilities to reach orgasm and sexual desire were not different than that among normal women. There was a correlation between duration of unconsummation and success rate and also between severity of vaginismus, treatment sessions, and success rate. Because of our high success rate, we encourage vaginismic women and their partners to accept aggressive management.

Prevalence and Factors of Domestic Violence Among Unmarried Mothers With a Young Child

Using the first 3 waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this article examines the prevalence and factors of domestic violence among unmarried mothers with a young child. The findings indicate that the prevalence of domestic violence for mothers increased substantially in the first 3 years after the childs birth. Findings from regression analyses show that mothers who lived with the father, either as a wife or cohabiting partner, had significantly lower odds of domestic violence in the study measures than mothers who did not live with the father. However, the odds of domestic violence were not significantly different between married and cohabiting mothers. Policy implications are discussed.

Vaginal Laceration and Hemorrhagic Shock during Consensual Sexual Intercourse

Coital injury causing severe vaginal laceration is not uncommon during first coitus. However, hemorrhagic shock during consensual sexual intercourse is quite rare. In this report, there was one 30-year-old, 20-year-old one, and one 24 year-old women who suffered severe vaginal laceration and bleeding during the process of consensual coitarche. All subjects were transferred to the hospital in the condition of impending shock. We found that the lacerated sites were located at right posterior fornices in all cases. We postulate that these vulnerable sites of vaginal laceration may be due to the dextro-rotation characteristics of the uterus and the distensibility of the vagina in this area. The vaginal fornix can be extremely distended during sexual intercourse, making it vulnerable to laceration in this area. Besides, there was a disproportionate genital size in all three cases which may be a cause of vaginal laceration. It is critical that such patients receive a prompt diagnosis to provide efficient management. It needs only simple surgical skills to cure the injury if the vital signs are stable. However, those survivors may need further psychological consultation to prevent negative impact on their future sexual functioning.

Psychological responses of women infected with cervical human papillomavirus: A qualitative study in Taiwan

OBJECTIVE To determine the psychological response of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infected women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty oncogenic or high-risk HPV infected cases were collected by purposive sampling, and a 2-hour in-depth interview was carried out with 20 women at a tertiary referring medical center. The interview content was analyzed using the qualitative method. Psychological responses included cognition, emotions, and behavior. RESULTS Differences in psychological responses arose more from individual cognition and personality than from whether or not one was single or married. After learning of their infection, most patients searched the Internet for HPV information and for a reputable doctor. They cared about privacy in the outpatient clinic. Most patients had all kinds of negative feelings, principally involving fear, worry, and suspicion. The better a couples relationship, the less these patients struggled to tell the truth (HPV infection). Patients often urged partners to check-up and advised friends for Pap smear tests. CONCLUSIONS Most HPV infected women have many kinds of negative feelings. Psychological help for these women is necessary.

The effect of HPV infection on a couple's relationship: a qualitative study in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) on the sexual lives of women and their partners. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty oncogenic or high-risk HPV infected cases were collected via purposive sampling. At a tertiary medical center in Taipei, 20 women underwent a 2-hour in-depth interview. The content of each interview was analyzed qualitatively regarding (1) effect of HPV infection on a couples relationship; (2) effect of HPV infection on sexual life; (3) partner support and social support; (4) myths about love and marriage; and (5) sexual myths. RESULTS The better a couples relationship, the less these patients struggled to confront the issue (HPV infection). Most patients urged partners to have check-ups and advised friends about Pap smear tests. Couple relationships were generally not affected by HPV infection, unlike their sexual lifestyles. Most patients fulfilled the traditional Chinese female role of maintaining the relationship. However, due to the physical and psychosocial discomfort of treatment and fear of infection, some had no desire for sex, while others lessened their sex frequency. Most patients received very little support from their partner, family, and friends. The relationship quality was affected by marital and sexual myths held by patients. CONCLUSION Cervical HPV infection has a negative effect on womens sexual relationships. Thus, more attention from health care providers is required.

New life courses and social risks: Implications for social policy in East Asia

Introduction PART 1: Changes in Transitions 2. Extended transitions to adulthood in Japan: Labour market flexibilization and the weakness of social security for young people Akihiko Higuchi 3. Social Policies Addressing the Transition from School to Work of Post-Secondary Graduates in Taiwan: A Social Investment Perspective Chih-lung Huang 4. Will Dreams Come True? The Transformation of Social Inequality Structures in Cambodia - Experiences of a New Generation of Youth Managing the Uncertainties of Their Life Course Chivoin Peou and Jens O. Zinn PART 2: Competing Demands 5. Reconciling Work and Family in Taiwan: Problems and Policies Pei-Yuen Tsai 6. The Double Responsibilities of Care in Japan: Emerging New Social Risks for Women Providing both Childcare and care for the Elderly Junko Yamashita and Naoko Soma 7. Migrant Workers in the New Eldercare Mix in South Korea Seong-gee Um PART 3: Alternative Ways of Living 8. Families at Risk: The Lived Experience of Lone Mothers in Hong Kong Kam Wah Chan and Ka Man Lo 9. The Material Contradictions of Proletarian Patriarchy under Condensed Capitalist Industrialization: The Instability in the Working Life Course of Male Breadwinners and Its Familial Ramifications Choi Sun-Young and Chang Kyung-Sup 10. Re-employment after Retirement: Activation Strategies for Older People in Taiwan Hsiu-Jen Yeh , Shu-Er Wei, and Jen-Der Lue 11. Female Individualization and Implications on Social Policy in Hong Kong Raymond K H Chan and Ran Duan 12. Life-course Sensitised Policy as Risk Management: Directions and Strategies in East Asia Raymond K H Chan, Jens O Zinn and Lih-Rong Wang

Conclusion: Agenda and Action Beyond Gendered Care and Migration

This chapter summarizes major findings from each chapter and explains how care arrangements in a private family interrelate to both national and international politics and economics in a globalized world. Specifically, this chapter focuses on the gendered nature of the state and society that makes women, either locals or migrants, take on a disproportionate share of care work. It then discusses general policy options to protect care workers’ human rights and enhance caregivers’ well-being.

Introduction: Situating Gender, Care, and Migration in East Asia

This chapter contextualizes the issues discussed in this volume by first outlining the similar ways in which care has been transformed across East Asia. These include the unprecedented degree of demographic change relating to low fertility rates and population aging, increasing numbers of women entering the labor market, changing forms of families, and the expansion of paid care. It then elaborates divergent strategies through which provisions of care have become commodified, including the introduction of migrant care workers, who have emerged at the forefront of the uneven process of globalization. Finally, it presents the summary of the remaining chapters.

New life courses, social risks and social policy in East Asia

Introduction PART 1: Changes in Transitions 2. Extended transitions to adulthood in Japan: Labour market flexibilization and the weakness of social security for young people Akihiko Higuchi 3. Social Policies Addressing the Transition from School to Work of Post-Secondary Graduates in Taiwan: A Social Investment Perspective Chih-lung Huang 4. Will Dreams Come True? The Transformation of Social Inequality Structures in Cambodia - Experiences of a New Generation of Youth Managing the Uncertainties of Their Life Course Chivoin Peou and Jens O. Zinn PART 2: Competing Demands 5. Reconciling Work and Family in Taiwan: Problems and Policies Pei-Yuen Tsai 6. The Double Responsibilities of Care in Japan: Emerging New Social Risks for Women Providing both Childcare and care for the Elderly Junko Yamashita and Naoko Soma 7. Migrant Workers in the New Eldercare Mix in South Korea Seong-gee Um PART 3: Alternative Ways of Living 8. Families at Risk: The Lived Experience of Lone Mothers in Hong Kong Kam Wah Chan and Ka Man Lo 9. The Material Contradictions of Proletarian Patriarchy under Condensed Capitalist Industrialization: The Instability in the Working Life Course of Male Breadwinners and Its Familial Ramifications Choi Sun-Young and Chang Kyung-Sup 10. Re-employment after Retirement: Activation Strategies for Older People in Taiwan Hsiu-Jen Yeh , Shu-Er Wei, and Jen-Der Lue 11. Female Individualization and Implications on Social Policy in Hong Kong Raymond K H Chan and Ran Duan 12. Life-course Sensitised Policy as Risk Management: Directions and Strategies in East Asia Raymond K H Chan, Jens O Zinn and Lih-Rong Wang