Liliane Maria Messias Machado

Association of Moderate Coffee Intake with Self-Reported Diabetes among Urban Brazilians

Coffee has been associated with reductions in the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD), including diabetes mellitus. Because differences in food habits are recognizable modifying factors in the epidemiology of diabetes, we studied the association of coffee consumption with type-2 diabetes in a sample of the adult population of the Federal District, Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted by telephone interview (n = 1,440). A multivariate analysis was run controlling for socio-behavioural variables, obesity and family antecedents of NCCD. A hierarchical linear regression model and a Poisson regression were used to verify association of type-2 diabetes and coffee intake. The independent variables which remained in the final model, following the hierarchical inclusion levels, were: first level—age and marital status; second level—diabetes and dyslipidaemias in antecedents; third level—cigarette smoking, supplement intake, body mass index; and fourth level—coffee intake (≤100 mL/d, 101 to 400 mL/day, and >400 mL/day). After adjusting hierarchically for the confounding variables, consumers of 100 to 400 mL of coffee/day had a 2.7% higher (p = 0.04) prevalence of not having diabetes than those who drank less than 100 mL of coffee/day. Compared to coffee intake of ≤100 mL/day, adults consuming >400 mL of coffee/day showed no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes. Thus, moderate coffee intake is favourably associated with self-reported type-2 diabetes in the studied population. This is the first study to show a relationship between coffee drinking and diabetes in a Brazilian population.

Factors associated with overweight and central adiposity in urban workers covered by the Workers Food Program of the Brazilian Amazon Region

OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores associados ao sobrepeso e a obesidade abdominal em trabalhadores de ambos os sexos. METODO: Estudo transversal de base populacional, de uma amostra representativa de 1054 trabalhadores, com idade entre 18 e 74 anos, assistidos pelo Programa de Alimentacao do Trabalhador na regiao metropolitana de Belem do Para, na regiao norte do Brasil. Parâmetros relacionados a saude e medidas antropometricas foram obtidas e amostra de sangue foram coletadas. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de sobrepeso foi de 38% nas mulheres e 50,4% nos homens. Dentre os individuos com sobrepeso, 6,1% das mulheres eram obesas e 10,7% dos homens tinham obesidade. Analise multivariada foi utilizada para identificar os fatores sociocomportamentais e clinico-bioquimicos associados com o aumento da adiposidade corporal (IMC > 25kg/m2 e circunferencia de cintura > 80cm para mulheres e >94cm para homens). As variaveis e a razao de prevalencia (PR) associadas ao sobrepeso e adiposidade abdominal nos homens foram: idade (1,02), renda familiar alta (1,05), fumo (1,36), hipertensao (pressao arterial sistolica 1,41 e pressao arterial diastolica 1,85) e hipertrigliceridemia (2,29). Nas mulheres as razoes de chance para sobrepeso e adiposidade abdominal foram: idade (1,02), consumo de alcool (1,42), hipertrigliceridemia (1,44), pressao arterial diastolilca (1,65) e hiperglicemia (1,71). CONCLUSAO: A associacao do sobrepeso e obesidade abdominal com parâmetros sociocomportamentais devem ser corrigidos com medidas educativas e preventivas. Alem disso, a associacao de sobrepeso e obesidade abdominal com parâmetros clinicos e bioquimicos coloca os trabalhadores de Belem do Para, assistidos pelo Programa de Alimentacao do Trabalhador, em possivel risco de morbidades e mortalidade precoce pelo aumento de adiposidade corporal.OBJECTIVE To investigate factors associated with overweight and abdominal obesity in male and female workers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional population-based study. A representative sample of 1,054 workers ranging from 18 to 74 years of age, selected among individuals covered by the Workers´ Food Program living in the Metropolitan region of Belém, Northern Brazil. Health-related behavior and anthropometry were assessed. Fasting blood samples were collected. RESULTS Overweight prevalence was 38.0% among women and 50.4% among men. Among overweight subjects, there were 6.1% obese women and 10.7% obese men. Multivariate analysis was used to identify social behavior and clinical-biochemical factors associated with increased body adiposity (BMI > 25 kg/m² and increased waist circumference: > 80 cm for women and > 94 cm for men). Variables positively and significantly associated with overweight and abdominal obesity in men according to prevalence ratio (PR) values were: age (1.02), high family income (1.05), smoking (1.36), hypertension (systolic blood pressure, 1.41; diastolic blood pressure, 1.85) and hypertriglyceridemia (2.29). In women, the PR of increased body adiposity was associated with: age (1.02), alcohol intake (1.42), hypertriglyceridemia (1.44), diastolic blood pressure (1.65) and hyperglycemia (1.71). CONCLUSIONS The association of overweight and abdominal obesity with social behavior variables should be corrected with preventive and educational measures. Furthermore, association of overweight and abdominal obesity with clinical and biochemical variables places the urban workers from the Amazon region assisted by the Workers´ Food Program at a possible risk for morbidity and mortality from increased body adiposity.

Personal characteristics of coffee consumers and non-consumers, reasons and preferences for foods eaten with coffee among adults from the Federal District, Brazil

The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of consumers and non-consumers, the reasons and foods associated with coffee intake among adults from the Federal District, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted by telephone interview (n= 1,368). We collected information on detailed coffee intake, socio-demographic aspects and personal characteristics. The coffee had an average daily intake of 319 mL. Individuals were more likely to drink coffee at an older age (68%) and with higher body mass index (58%). The most cited reason for consuming coffee was the “personal pleasure” (48%), followed by “habit / tradition” of consuming coffee. Among non-consumers of this beverage, the main reason was not liking the taste and / or aroma of coffee (62%). The method of coffee preparation used was by infusion (86%) and sugar was the main sweetener used by 83% of consumers. The majority of consumers (59%) reported consuming coffee with certain foods such as bakery products. The results from our study may suggest that the popularity of coffee can be attributed to its taste, personal pleasure and habit, and the consumption is more likely to occur with the advance of age and with intake of other foods.

Sensibilidade e especificidade do índice de massa corporal na estimativa da obesidade e comparação desse índice com métodos antropométricos usados na obtenção do diagnóstico nutricional de escolares

Esse trabalho objetivou descrever o perfil antropometrico e investigar a correlacao entre o indice de massa corporal, perimetro da cintura e percentual de gordura, assim como avaliar os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade entre tres criterios de classificacao do indice de massa corporal usando-se o percentual de gordura como padrao de referencia. This study describes the anthropometric profile, investigates the correlation between body mass index (BMI), waist perimeter and body fat percentage,and evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of the classification criteria of BMI of three classifications using body fat percentage as a reference standard.