Lincoln Constance

Chromosome number and classification in Hydrophyllaceae

SummaryA 20-year investigation of chromosome number in all 18 genera and more than 200 species (perhaps two-thirds of the total) of the plant family Hydrophyllaceae has not resulted in the discovery either of a single base-number for the family or of a primitive genus, and it has not settled the question as to whether or not the famliy is a strictly natural one. Chromosome number has confirmed the general grouping, earlier proposed by various authors on morphological grounds, of such genera asHydrophyllum, Pholistoma, Nemophila, andEllisia (Constance 1939a) ;Eriodictyon, Nama, Lemmonia, andTurricula; andHesperochiron andTricardia. It has also revealed the occurrence of several polyploid series, and has exposed certain trends in morphology, such as reduction in the number of ovules and the specialization of annual habit from perenniality. Within certain genera, especially the large genusPhacelia, chromosome number has been of considerable assistance both in permitting a more natural grouping of species, and in shedding some light on interrelationships of species and species-groups and their probable phylogeny.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF CYMOPTERUS (UMBELLIFERAE) FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA

Two species ofCymopterus are described as new:Cymopterus douglassi from the Lost River and Lemhi ranges of central Idaho and the closely relatedC. williamsii from the southern half of the Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming. Both are diploid on the basex=11 and occur on calcareous or dolomitic substrates. The mature fruit ofCymopterus williamsii differ from those ofC. douglassii in the absence of a functioning carpophore and in having 1, not 3–5 oil tubes in the intervals. Both species are unusual in the genus, though not unique, in that the dorsal ribs of the mericarps are not winged.

Three new species and a new combination in Arracacia Bancroft (Umbelliferae/Apiaceae)

Three species ofArracacia—A. hintonii, A. colombiana, andA. tillettii—from Mexico, Colombia, and Venezuela, respectively, are described as new, andCoulterophytum brevipes Coulter & Rose is transferred toArracacia asA. quadrifida, nom. nov. and comb. nov.

Tardy transfers from Apium to Ciclospermum (Umbelliferae)

On the basis of habital, foliar, and cytological characters, the taxaApium laciniatum (DC.) Urban,A. leptophyllum var.multisectum Mathias & Constance,A. leptophyllum var.latisectum (Urban) Mathias & Constance, andA. uruguayense Mathias & Constance are transferred to the genusCiclospermum Lagasca.

A new peltate Hydrocotyle (Umbelliferae) from northern Peru

A new peltate-leaved, tuberculate-fruitedHydrocotyle, that occurs in evergreen tropical montane forest in the vicinity of waterfalls, is described from northern Peru.

A Trio of New Tauschias (Umbelliferae) from Eastern Mexico

Three new species are described in the genus Tauschia: T. hintoniorum from Coahuila and Nuevo Le6n, T. infernicola from Nuevo Le6n, and T. moorei from Hidalgo and Puebla.

TWO NEW GENERA OF INDIAN UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE

Two new monotypic genera are proposed:Karnataka, based uponSchultzia? benthamii C. B. Clarke (=K. benthamii) from southern Peninsular India andKedarnatha, based onK. sanctuarii, recently obtained from the Himalaya. Neither genus appears to be closely related to other apioid genera of our area.

Four new species of Eryngium (Umbelliferae) from Mexico

Four new monocotyloid Eryngia,E. ferrisiae, E. venustum, E. mexiae, andE. tzeltal from Mexico, are described, illustrated, and contrasted with related taxa.

A new species of Sanicula L. (Umbelliferae/Apiaceae) endemic to Baja California, Mexico

A new species of the genusSanicula (sect.Sanicoria) endemic to the southern Sierra Juárez of Baja California, Mexico, is described and illustrated.Sanicula moranii resemblesS. deserticola andS. bipinnatifida, but has thicker basal leaves, with broader petioles and rachises, and shorter fruit prickles that are confined to the apical part of the mericarps. The taxonomic relationships of these species are discussed, along with aspects of their distribution and habitat.ResumenUna neuva especie del géneroSanicula (secciónSanicoria) endémica de la Sierra Juárez de Baja California, México, es descrita e ilustrada.Sanicula moranii presenta similitud conS. deserticola yS. bipinnatifida, no obstante tiene gruesas hojas basales con pecíolos y raquis anchos, y espínulas del fruto más cortas que se distribuyen únicamente en la parte apical de los mericarpos. Además, se comentan las relaciones taxonómicas de las tres especies, así como algunos aspectos de sus distribuciones y hábitats.

Two new Umbelliferae of the Chihuahuan Desert

Two apparently calcicolous species of apioid Umbelliferae,Aletes calcicola andDonnellsmithia coahuilensis, are described from the Chihuahuan Desert of Coahuila, Mexico.