Lincoln Saito Millan

Estudo epidemiológico de queimaduras em crianças atendidas em hospital terciário na cidade de São Paulo

BACKGROUND: This study describes the experience with the care of burned children in the Burn Treatment Unit, Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo - HCFMUSP) over 15 consecutive months. METHODS: The data of 98 patients up to 13 years of age treated in the Burn Treatment Unit of HCFMUSP from October 2009 to December 2010 were analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of the children was 5.2 years; 67 (68.4%) were boys. Accidents were responsible for burns in 93 (94.9%) cases, whereas 1 (1%) case of burns was caused by aggression. There was a higher incidence of burns in children under 2 years of age. The main agent causing burns was hot liquids (48%), followed by fire (17%) and hot solids (17%). The mean body surface area affected by second- and third-degree burns was 10%. Six (6.1%) patients had burns over more than 20% of their body surface area - 5 (83.3%) of them had burns due to burning alcohol and 1 (16.7%) due to scalding water. All cases in which more than 30% of the body surface was affected by second- and third-degree burns were due to alcohol burns. CONCLUSIONS: This survey demonstrates the importance of burn injuries in pediatric patients. The dataset suggests prevention efforts should focus on the domestic environment, particularly against scalding in children less than 5 years of age. In children older than 5 years, prevention programs should focus on both domestic and extradomestic environments.

Infecções de corrente sanguínea por bactérias multirresistentes em UTI de tratamento de queimados: experiência de 4 anos

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the profile of antibiotic resistance in bacteria in a hospital is essential for guiding appropriate patient treatment. This is especially important for the severely ill patients, because treatment must be initiated before the results of cultures can be obtained. In this study, we aimed to analyze the profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MR) found in blood cultures from patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Burns Unit of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo. METHODS: We evaluated 178 patients (131 men) admitted to the ICU for the treatment of burns from 2009 to 2011, with a mean age of 29.2 years. RESULTS: Eighty (44.9%) patients indicated positive results in peripheral blood cultures, and there were 66 (82.5%) cases with MR bacteria. Staphylococcus sp. was isolated in 48 cases, of which 33 cases showed resistance to oxacillin. Acinetobacter baumannii was isolated in 11 cases, and 8 of these cases were resistant to imipenem. Pseudomonas sp. was isolated in 19 cases, and 16 of these cases were resistant to imipenem. Enterobacter sp. was isolated in 10 cases, and 2 of these cases were resistant to ciprofloxacin and amikacin. The presence of MR bacteria was not associated with a higher incidence of deaths but was associated with longer hospital stay (52.6 vs. 36.3 days for those with and without MR bacteria, respectively, P = 0.0306). There was no significant association between burned body surface and the presence of MR bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of MR bacteria is an important problem, because of the prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality.

Outcomes of Immediate Internal Pudendal Artery Perforator Flap Reconstruction for Irradiated Abdominoperineal Resection Defects

BACKGROUND: There are many previous reports for using the internal pudendal artery perforator flap in vulvovaginal reconstruction; however, reports of this flap for perineal reconstruction after abdominoperineal excision of the rectum are scarce. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of immediate internal pudendal artery perforator flap reconstruction for irradiated abdominoperineal resection defects. DESIGN: This was a prospective case series. SETTINGS: This flap could represent a step forward over other perineal flap approaches or primary closure. PATIENTS: A total of 73 consecutive patients with anorectal tumors were included. INTERVENTIONS: The study included immediate perineal reconstruction using 122 internal pudendal artery perforator flaps after abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dimensions of the perineal defect (in centimeters squared), hospital stay (days), healing time (days), and postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grades) were measured. RESULTS: The means of the perineal defect, hospital stay, and healing time were 51.62 cm2, 15.94 days, and 38.52 days. The higher the patient BMI, the longer healing time (p = 0.02); Clavien–Dindo complications grades III to IV were greater in patients with perineal defect ≥60 cm2 (p = 0.03; OR = 10.56); postoperative complications were higher both in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.005; OR = 6.09) and in patients with comorbidities (p = 0.04; OR = 2.78); hospital stay (p= 0.001) and healing time (p < 0.001) were higher in patients who had postoperative complications. The complete perineal wound healing at 12 weeks was achieved by 95% of patients, and our 30-day mortality rate was 4%. LIMITATIONS: As a nonrandomized study, our results have to be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple previously described advantages associated with internal pudendal artery perforator flap were also observed here, reinforcing the idea that it is reliable, versatile, and a useful option for perineal reconstruction after abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. Therefore, we propose that this flap could be considered as the first choice for perineal reconstruction in selected patients with moderate and some large defects after abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A367.

Early Application of Microsurgical Flaps in the Electric Burns of Extremities: A Two Institutional Case Series

Some groups have avoided early microsurgical flaps in electrical burns under the pretext of injury to the microvasculature, which could increase vascular thrombosis. However, this option frequently results in amputation of the extremity. This study aims to evaluate the early application of microsurgical flaps for the treatment of electrical burns of extremities. A case series was retrospectively evaluated including patients with electrical trauma in extremities undergoing early microsurgical reconstruction. Data were obtained from medical charts, including age, trauma location, flap type and microvascular anastomosis, the need for other procedures, postoperative complications, the length of hospital stay after the flap surgery, and patient outcomes. Five microsurgical flaps were performed in less than 30 days to trauma, one anterolateral thigh flap to cover skin failure in upper limb, and four radial forearm flaps to cover failure in feet. The patient ages had a mean of 25.8 years (from 12 to 42 years). The microsurgical procedure occurred from 21 to 27 days after the burn, with a mean of 24.2 days. Hospital discharge had a mean of 26.6 days (from 19 to 35 days after the surgery). Only one patient required reintervention for re-anastomosis. All patients had a good flap viability, avoiding amputation of the affected extremity and with a proper preservation of function. The early application of microsurgical flaps for patients with electrical burns of extremities may provide adequate, sturdy, and stable skin coverage, contributing to the treatment of noble structures exposed and avoiding amputation of the extremities.

Report of a case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with a breast implant in a Brazilian patient

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that has recently been recognized as an independent entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphomas. Despite the small number of reports to date, the number of cases is rapidly increasing. Of the few hundred cases that have been reported so far, very few came from Brazil and none have been reported to the local authorities. We encountered a case of BIA-ALCL and believe that its report to the local plastic surgery community could raise awareness of this emerging pathology. The prognosis is very good in most of the diagnosed cases. However, little is known about how and why silicone implants could trigger a lymphoid response that results in ALCL. ■ ABSTRACT

Wound management of partial-thickness skin-graft donor areas with a collagen and alginate dressing (Fibracol®): findings in 35 patients

Introduction: The objective of this study was to report our findings with a collagen and alginate dressing (Fibracol®) used to cover donor areas of partial-thickness skin grafts. Method: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 35 patients in whom Fibracol® was used on donor areas. The routine used to manage the donor area is as follows: The area is covered with one or more units of Fibracol®, followed by application of a waterproof film. After three or four days, the dressing is removed and the area cleaned gently with saline and gauze; the area is dressed again if necessary. The mean patient age was 25.52 years (range, 1–65 years). Results: The thigh was used as the donor area in 29 patients, the arm in 2, the leg in 4, and the trunk in 3. Two patients had more than one donor area. The mean time needed for epithelization was 4.51 days (range, 3-8 days). The Pearson correlation coefficient value correlating age and time of epithelization was -0.0755; p = 0.6685. None of the patients experienced an infection in the donor area. The ideal dressing for the donor area of split-thickness skin grafts would have multiple characteristics including low price, good patient comfort, low infection rate, and a short epithelization period. Conclusion: The authors report a positive experience with the use of Fibracol® in 35 patients over a period of 22 months. The mean epithelization period was 4.51 days, shorter than that in the majority of published studies, and had no correlation with the age of the patient.

Subtotal calcanectomy for the treatment of calcaneal pressure sores with associated osteomyelitis: a report of 2 cases

Introduction: Feet wounds are very common and require multidisciplinary approach for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. When involving the calcaneus, they offer even greater difficulty and may complicate with osteomyelitis. Debridement of devitalized tissue and antibiotics are important steps for treatment. For the reconstruction, local or free flaps are needed. However, not all patients, due to systemic conditions or local blood supply, are not candidates for this type of reconstruction and some times are submitted to amputations. Cases Report: The authors report two cases in which subtotals calcanectomies were used for the treatment of wounds in the calcaneus. In both cases, amputations were avoided.

Tratamento da ptose mamária e hipomastia utilizando técnica de mamoplastia com pedículo súpero-medial e implante mamário

BACKGROUND: One-stage treatment of breast ptosis with hypomastia using mastopexy techniques combined with breast augmentation is often believed to have the potential for more serious complications than when the procedures are performed separately. However, available data show that the incidence of complications associated with the combined treatment is similar to that of both procedures performed separately. Several authors have developed standard and specific care techniques that facilitate the safe use of this combined technique. The aim of this study is to describe the surgical technique used for breast augmentation in patients with breast ptosis, as well as the incidence of complications and surgical revision. METHODS: The incidence of complications and surgical revision was analyzed in 27 patients who underwent one-stage mastopexy combined with breast augmentation using the superomedial pedicle technique, between 2005 and 2010. RESULTS: There were no immediate complications that required early reoperations. Three (11.1%) patients had slight dehiscence of the suture at the inverted-T junction, with spontaneous resolution. One (3.7%) patient developed capsular contracture 1 year after the operation. Four (14.8%) patients underwent scar revision procedures. A history of smoking was associated with a four-fold increase in the incidence of suture dehiscence and doubled the number of scar revision procedures; however, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The mastopexy technique combined with breast augmentation using the superomedial pedicle technique was effective and safe for the treatment of breast ptosis with hypomastia.

Detecção de trombose venosa em retalhos livres por medidas de glicemia capilar

BACKGROUND: Monitoring of free flaps after surgery is vitally important, especially in the first few hours because the timing of reoperation can determine flap salvage or loss. To date, no study has examined the decision to reoperate on a flap based on the objective measure of glycemia or a comparison between flaps that showed good outcomes and those that showed vascular damage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of blood glucose measurements within the flap as a method for monitoring free flaps and to compare the efficacy of this method with that of clinical assessments. METHODS: The study was prospective, included 16 patients with free flaps, and was conducted from May 2012 to July 2012. A team of professionals not involved in the surgery evaluated capillary glycemia. Flaps were clinically evaluated during the immediate postoperative period, on ICU admission, at every 3 hours, and as needed. RESULTS: Of the 16 patients, 5 (31.3%) had venous thrombosis in the first 24 hours. Statistically significant differences were noted in capillary glycemia in patients with or without venous thrombosis in measurements obtained 6, 9, and 12 hours after surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of capillary glycemia was not superior to clinical evaluation by an experienced professional for the detection of venous thrombosis within free flaps.