Linda Brooks

Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (2nd ed.).

Recognized authorities in career development analyze leading theories and applications and evaluate individual, group, and self-directed approaches to career planning. Four new chapters include an overview of new directions in theory and a case study in which the major contributors discuss how each would approach the same client.

Reporting Sexual Harassment: Exploring a Predictive Model.

The purposes of this study were (a) to explore the utility of a model for predicting reporting of sexual harassment and (b) to collect data on the incidence of sexual harassment using the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ; Fitzgerald et al., 1988). The sample included 214 tenure-track faculty women and 276 women graduate students. The full model postulated that age, marital status, feminist ideology, and frequency of behavior would be directly related to perceived offensiveness of the behavior. In turn, perceived offensiveness, normative expectations for reporting, and perceived outcomes of reporting would directly influence reporting. As predicted, perceived offensiveness showed a direct influence on reporting, and feminist ideology and frequency of behavior were significant predictors of perceived offensiveness. Incidence data showed that the most frequently experienced situations involved gender harassment and seductive behaviors. Results suggest that educating women about the offensiveness of sexual harassment might increase frequency of reporting. Also, further exploration of the model seems warranted.

A Proposal to Integrate Science and Practice in Counseling Psychology

Science and practice cannot continue together without a major attitudinal shiA a broadening perspective of science and practice and how these two activities can be integrated to strengthen each other. This article represents the culmination of a 2-year project that examined the roles of science and practice within counseling psychology. The central goal of the article is to present (a) specific recommendations for promoting the integration of science and practice within Division 17 and (b) suggest specific strategies for implementing the recommendations.

Research Training Environments and Student Productivity An Exploratory Study

During the summer of 1984, APA-approved counseling psychology programs were surveyed about their research training practices. Although the programs view themselves as placing greater emphasis on the practitioner as opposed to the scientist aspects of training, many current students do publish research and/or present research findings at professional meetings. When the programs were categorized into high and low productive based on students publishing and presenting research during 1983-1984, several variables differentiated the categories. High productive programs tended to involve students in research early in training, required them to participate in research teams or to complete research apprenticeships, more strongly encouraged student research presentation and publication, and were more likely to provide typing for student manuscripts. They also placed greater emphasis on philosophy of science, gave more exposure to qualitative research, and were less likely to approve correlational/ex post facto research designs in doctoral dissertations. The training practices and their implications are discussed.

The effects of a nontraditional role-modeling intervention on sex typing of occupational preferences and career salience in adolescent females

Abstract Middle school and high school girls participated in a 5-week nontraditional role-modeling intervention. Dependent variables were interest in nontraditional occupations, career salience, and vocational exploration behavior. No significant treatment effects were found on the criterion measures. High school as compared with middle school girls did engage in a significantly greater number of vocational exploration behaviors. Results are consistent with previous research showing that programs designed to increase interest in nontraditional occupations have little impact. It is suggested that the negligible results may be due to the tenacity of sex-typed aspirations or to the failure to design effective interventions for specific client groups.

Encouraging women's motivation for nontraditional career and lifestyle options: A model for assessment and intervention

ConclusionIn summary, despite apparent changes in the recent past, women remain underrepresented in nontraditional career areas. Society continues to exert forces which restrict womens motivation toward particular options. It is hoped that the Expectancy-Valence model presented here will help counselors in their efforts to broaden womens career and lifestyle opportunities.

Crystal Ball Gazing: Training and Accreditation in 2000 A.D.

Recommendations and proposals related to training and accreditation from various conferences as well as the Task Force on the Scope and Criteria of Accreditation and the Joint Council on Professional Education in Psychology are reviewed. This review focuses on the potential effects of these recommendations on counseling psychology students, trainers, and programs. Finally, implications for counseling psychology training based on the possible implementation of the recommendations are suggested.

Sexist Language in Occupational Information: Does It Make a Difference?.

Abstract While several guidelines for avoiding sexist language in career materials have been published, little empirical evidence exists to support the assumption that sexist language in career information has deleterious effects on clients. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of sex-biased language in occupational information on subject interest and attitudes regarding gender appropriateness of occupations. Eighth-grade students read occupational briefs on two occupations presented in either neutral, female-biased, or male-biased language. Results showed a nonsignificant language effect and a significant sex difference in interest in the occupations. A significant three-way interaction (language by subject sex by occupation) was found for gender-appropriateness ratings. The findings, together with previous research, suggest that language may have little impact on specific occupational interests, but may affect other career attitudes related to interests.

Feminism and Career Assessment

Four basic principles or tenets of feminist therapy are outlined to create a framework to review and suggest feminist strategies for career assessment. These four tenets (the relationship is egalitarian, sociocultural conditions are the primary sources of womens psychological problems, the personal is political, the essential goals for womens mental health are self definitions and determination) capture and summarize the common philosophical values that underline all major feminist stances (cultural, liberal, social and radical).

Counseling Psychology in Colleges of Education A Survey of Training Directors

A survey of counseling psychology (CP) training directions (N = 34), housed partly or completely in colleges of education, revealed that the most frequently cited benefits of being housed in education were compatibility of the CP program with the college mission, the esteem it which the CP progratm7 was held in the college, and the accessibility of related programs in educational and school psychology. The most frequently cited disadvantages involved the perception that psychologist colleagues (e.g., licensing boards) did not find education hou0sing credible, lack of fit with the K-12 mission, and limited funding. CP respondents preferred to be housed in education and would choose it if given the chance. Thus, although some advantages and disadvantages of housing in education were reported, no widespread dissatisfaction was found.