Linda F. Campbell

Cognitive Schemas as Mediating Variables of the Relationship Between the Self-Defeating Personality and Depression

The current investigation was designed to examine particular maladaptive cognitive schemas as mediating variables of the relationship between the self-defeating personality and depression. A total of 82 mildly to severely depressed adult outpatients, referred for counseling and psychotherapy services, were assessed in terms of self-defeating personality and maladaptive cognitive schema characteristics. Results indicated that 57% of the variance within depression, measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), was accounted for by the self-defeating personality and five maladaptive cognitive schemas: abandonment/instability; defectiveness/shame; failure; subjugation; and vulnerability to harm. Further, mediation analyses indicated that abandonment/instability and defectiveness/shame statistically mediated the relationship between the self-defeating personality and depression. Results are discussed in light of contemporary theories of depression.

Recognition of psychotherapy effectiveness: the APA resolution.

In August 2012, the American Psychological Association (APA) Council of Representatives voted overwhelmingly to adopt as APA policy a Resolution on the Recognition of Psychotherapy Effectiveness. This invited article traces the origins and intentions of that resolution and its protracted journey through the APA governance labyrinth. We summarize the planned dissemination and projected results of the resolution and identify several lessons learned through the entire process.

Effects of group membership on perception of risk for aids

The role of social identity as a moderator for perception of risk for AIDS has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine perception of risk for AIDS as a function of membership in an identified risk group. 34 subjects who were homosexual, 58 intravenous drug users (IV), and 34 college students rated a 21-item list of behaviors for perception of AIDS risk. The findings indicate that the IV drug-use group significantly underestimated five risk behaviors, four of which are high probability behaviors of IV drug-users and two of which are exclusively IV drug-use behaviors. The homosexual group significantly underestimated four risk behaviors, all of which are primarily characteristic of that group. The college group was generally more accurate in assessing risk than either of the other two groups. These findings support the hypothesis that membership in a perceived risk group is related to differential perceptual bias associated with the need for positive social identity for ones group.

Personality and affect characteristics of outpatients with depression

This investigation was designed to examine the relationship between depression severity and personality disorders measured by the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (Millon, 1987) and affectivity measured by the Positive Affectivity/Negative Affectivity Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). Discriminant analyses were employed to identify the personality and affective dimensions that maximally discriminate between 4 different levels of depressive severity. Differences between the 4 levels of depressive severity are suggestive of unique patterns of personality characteristics. Discriminant analysis showed that 74.8% of the cases were correctly classified by a single linear discriminant function, and that 61% of the variance in depression severity was accounted for by selected personality and affect variables. Results extend current conceptualizations of comorbidity and are discussed with respect to depression severity.

ASSOCIATIONS OF SCORES ON THE WHITE-CAMPBELL PSYCHOLOGICAL BIRTH ORDER INVENTORY AND THE KERN LIFESTYLE SCALE

This study investigated the relations among psychological birth order, actual birth order, and lifestyle. The study also further examined the convergent validity of the White-Campbell Psychological Birth Order Inventory. This inventory and Kerns Lifestyle Scale were administered to 126 individuals in a southeastern urban university. The several analyses of variance and canonical correlation analysis (1) supported a stronger relationship between psychological birth order and lifestyle than between actual birth order and lifestyle, (2) identified differential relationships between particular birth-order positions and lifestyle scales that were predicted and in accord with Adlerian theory, and (3) further supported the validity of the inventory. The results reaffirmed the lifestyle pattern and birth-order characterizations of Adlerian theory.

Samuel T. Gladding: A sense of self in the group

Abstract This interview with Samuel T. Gladding highlights his contributions and focuses specifically on his interests in group work and creative approaches to counseling including use of humor, poetry, and metaphors. The interview explores Gladdings entry into the profession, his personal and professional experiences that influenced his work, and his vision for the future.

An interview with arthur M. Horne

Abstract Andy Horne discusses his work with families, conduct disorders of children, multicultural issues, a social learning approach to groups, and recent developments in group work.