Linda Gardelle

The spread of European models of engineering education: the challenges faced in emerging countries

ABSTRACT The major European models of engineering training (the German, the British and the French model) spread throughout the world during the twentieth century. Historical heritage, cultural proximity and languages explain the open expression of faithfulness to one system in some countries. In these countries, the national standards inherited are now completed by international standards or are in direct competition with new influences. This article will attempt, through the existing literature, interviews and on-site investigations, to analyse current engineering training in some emerging countries and its relations with European models, the objective being to analyse the evolution of local systems and so the challenges and issues raised by the dissemination of European models.

The Highly Skilled Maghrebians "on the move": A Circular Cross-border Dynamic from the Mediterranean

Arising from the internationalization of training, when communication conditions have changed and now offer innumerable opportunities, highly skilled graduates manage their careersconfident of unlimited possibilities. Following a qualitative study carried out within a research project on Maghrebian graduates educated in French engineering schools, this paper aims at analyzing the migration process of Maghrebian engineers. It was observed that the migration of these highly skilled individuals is neither irrevocable nor unidirectional. They may be regarded as being permanently “on the move” between their home country, the country where they studied and other destinations. At the cutting edge of IT, their mastery of digital technologies enables them to be almost permanently connected with several worlds – home or (former) host country(ies).They develop new strategies which symbolically question national borders and create multiple identities or hybrids of transcultural values.