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Dive into the research topics where Linda J. Scully is active.

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Featured researches published by Linda J. Scully.


Journal of Hepatology | 1986

Lymphoblastoid and recombinant α-A Interferon therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: The royal free hospital experience

Howard C. Thomas; Linda J. Scully; J.A. McDonald

Lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon), a combination of at least 8 alpha-interferons, has been shown to be effective therapy in male chronic carriers of HBV infection, resulting in the loss of HBeAg and HBV-DNA in 50% of those treated. However, 0/8 women (5 Chinese) treated in this trial responded to treatment. Patients with higher ASTs, CAH on biopsy and a history of acute hepatitis are more likely to respond to treatment. Recombinant alpha-A interferon has not been as successful in our particular group of patients. However, this may be explained by the observation that most of these patients are asymptomatic, homosexuals and have lower transaminases, less histological inflammation and a higher percentage of HTLV-III antibody positivity than the Wellferon group. In the HTLV-III-negative group of HBV carriers, the response to recombinant alpha-A interferon is similar to that achieved with lymphoblastoid interferon.


Journal of Hepatology | 1986

Identification of factors influencing response rate to antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A review of the efficacy of adenine arabinoside and lymphoblastoid interferon in the Royal Free Hospital studies

Linda J. Scully; A.M.L. Lever; I. Yap; Massimo Pignatelli; Howard C. Thomas

We have reviewed the results of treating over 100 HBV carriers with adenine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside monophosphate and lymphoblastoid interferon. In the homosexual group of carriers, adenine arabinoside and its monophosphate have no value. However, in this group, lymphoblastoid interferon will produce a response in over 50% of cases. The lack of effectiveness of adenine arabinoside monophosphate in this group may stem from its immunosuppressant properties. In heterosexual carriers both adenine arabinoside monophosphate and lymphoblastoid interferon are effective in approximately 50-60% of cases. However, the response rate is different in the various racial groups. Northern European and Mediterranean people appear to respond whereas those from the Far East do not. This may reflect the fact that there are at least 2 mechanisms by which the chronic carrier state may arise. In 5-10% of adults, a relative deficiency of alpha-interferon production exists and this defect is found in the majority of HBV carriers in Western Europe. In these, interferon acts as a replacement therapy and excellent results may be obtained if the patient is treated early in the course of the disease. It would appear that as the duration of the infection increases, the virus may integrate into interferon-reactive consensus sites and prevent the cell from responding to interferon. In patients infected at birth, transplacental anti-HBc appears to modulate the immune response and along with immaturity of the immune system at this age, results in failure to lyse infected cells. These patients do not benefit from interferon treatment: some form of immune manipulation is required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Digestive Diseases and Sciences | 1992

Interferon therapy is effective in treatment of hepatitis B-induced polyarthritis.

Linda J. Scully; Peter Karayiannis; Howard C. Thomas

SummaryA patient with acute hepatitis B developed significant polyarthritis. After 10 months of observation he had not cleared the virus and continued to have symptomatic joint problems, with migratory polyarthralgia, tenosynovitis of the left wrist, and a large knee effusion. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels were measured in the synovial fluid and were found to be virtually identical to serum levels, indicating the potential infectivity of this fluid. The patient was treated with 14 weeks of thrice-weekly lymphoblastoid interferon and cleared all markers of viral replication. The arthritis resolved with the disappearance of measurable HBsAg. Interferon may be effective therapy for this disorder.


Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology | 1985

Viruses and immune reactions in the liver.

Howard C. Thomas; Massimo Pignatelli; Linda J. Scully

The immunopathology of hepatitis B and delta virus infections of the liver are reviewed. It is clear there are several antigen/antibody systems of importance in acute and chronic HBV infection. Antibodies to HBs, HB core/HBe and antibodies to Dane specific determinants are involved in virus neutralisation. Elimination of virus infected hepatocytes is dependent on recognition of viral determinants in association with HLA proteins on the infected hepatocytes by cytotoxic T cells. The HLA protein display is modulated by exposure to interferon and may regulate the cytotoxic T cell and NK lytic processes. During chronic HBV infection there is evidence of failure of interferon activation of the infected liver cells so that viral protein synthesis is not decreased and there is no enhancement of HLA protein display. These complex interactions between the virus and the immune system determine the heterogeneity of the clinical syndromes seen in patients infected with this agent. The delta virus replicates only in patients with co-existent HBV infection. The agent is cytopathic and therefore always produces liver disease. When there is delta virus superinfection in a carrier of chronic HBV, there is an acceleration of the rate of progression of the liver disease. The presence of delta infection results in IgM and IgG anti-delta responses.


Infection | 1986

A Review of the Efficacy of Adenine Arabinoside and Lymphoblastoid Interferon in the Royal Free Hospital Studies of Hepatitis B Virus Carrier Treatment: Identification of Factors Influencing Response Rates

Howard C. Thomas; Linda J. Scully; A.M.L. Lever; I. Yap; Massimo Pignatelli

SummaryWe have reviewed the results of treating over 100 HBV carriers with adenine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside monophosphate and lymphoblastoid interferon. In the homosexual group of carriers, adenine arabinoside and its monophosphate have no value. However in this group, lymphoblastoid interferon will produce a response in over 50% of cases. This lack of effectiveness of adenine arabinoside monophosphate in this group may stem from its immunosuppressant properties. In heterosexual carriers both adenine arabinoside monophosphate and lymphoblastoid interferons are effective in approximately 50% to 60% of cases. However, the response rate is different in the various racial groups. Northern European and Mediterranean people appear to respond whereas those from the Far East do not. This may reflect the fact that there are at least two mechanisms by which the chronic carrier state may arise. In 5% to 10% of adults, a relative deficiency of alpha interferon production exists (37), and this defect is found in the majority of HBV carriers in Western Europe. In these, interferon acts as a replacement therapy and excellent results may be obtained if the patient is treated early in the course of the disease. It would appear that as the duration of the infection increases, the virus may integrate into interferon-reactive consensus sites and prevent the cell from responding to interferon. In patients infected at birth, transplacental anti-HBc appears to modulate the immune response and, along with immaturity of the immune system at this age, results in failure to lyse infected cells. These patients do not benefit from interferon treatment: some form of immune manipulation is required. As in the infection acquired in adult life, the presence in the hepatitis B virus genome of an interferon sensitive site, homologous to that found in the hepatocyte genome, will influence the biological response to interferon. It is now evident that there are several mechanisms underlying the chronic carrier state and that in different patients at varying stages of the infection, alternative approaches to therapy may be required.ZusammenfassungDie Behandlungsergebnisse mit Adenin-Arabinosid, Adenin-Arabinosid-Monophosphat und Lymphoblasten-Interferon bei mehr als 100 HBV-Trägern wurden ausgewertet. Bei der Gruppe homosexueller Carrier erwiesen sich Adenin-Arabinosid und sein Monophosphat als wirkungslos. Dagegen war in dieser Gruppe mit Lymphoblasten-Interferon eine Ansprechrate von mehr als 50% zu verzeichnen. Möglicherweise sind immunsuppressive Eigenschaften von Adenin-Arabinosid für seine fehlende Wirksamkeit bei dieser Gruppe verantwortlich. Bei heterosexuellen HBV-Trägern war sowohl Adenin-Arabinosid als auch Lymphoblasten-Interferon bei etwa 50% bis 60% der Fälle wirksam. Doch fanden sich Unterschiede in den Ansprechraten verschiedener ethnischer Gruppen. Im Gegensatz zu Patienten aus Nordeuropa und den Mittelmeerländern sprachen Patienten aus dem fernen Osten auf die Therapie nicht an. Dies könnte der Ausdruck von mindestens zwei verschiedenen Pathomechanismen für die Entstehung des chronischen Trägertums sein. Bei 5% bis 10% der Erwachsenen findet sich ein relativer Mangel an Alpha-Interferon-Produktion, und dieser Mangel läßt sich bei der Mehrzahl der HBV-Carrier aus Westeuropa nachweisen. Bei diesen Patienten stellt die Interferongabe eine Substitutionstherapie dar und erzielt ausgezeichnete Ergebnisse, wenn die Behandlung in der Frühphase der Erkrankung erfolgt. Mit zunehmender Krankheitsdauer integriert das Virus offensichtlich in Loci, die für das Ansprechen auf Interferon verantwortlich sind, und unterdrückt so die Reaktionsfähigkeit der Zelle auf Interferon. Bei Patienten, die unter der Geburt infiziert werden, scheint transplazentar übertragenes anti-HBc die Immunantwort zu modulieren; infolgedessen und wegen der Unreife des Immunsystems in diesem Alter können infizierte Zellen nicht lysiert werden. Diese Patienten haben von der Interferontherapie keinen Gewinn, bei ihnen wäre eine Form von immunologischer Manipulation erforderlich. Wie bei der im Erwachsenenalter erworbenen Infektion übt die Anwesenheit eines Interferon-sensiblen Locus im Hepatitis B-Virus-Genom, der dem im Hepatozyten-Genom gefundenen Locus homolog ist, einen Einfluß auf das biologische Ansprechen auf Interferon aus. Es ist inzwischen erwiesen, daß für die Entstehung des chronischen Trägertums mehrere verschiedene Pathomechanismen vorhanden sind und daß für verschiedene Stadien der Infektion bei verschiedenen Patienten unterschiedliche Therapieansätze nötig sein können.


Infection | 1987

A review of the efficacy of adenine arabinoside and lymphoblastoid interferon in the royal free hospital studies of hepatitis B virus carrier treatment: Identification of factors influencing response rates@@@Wirksamkeit von Adenin-Arabinosid und Lymphoblasten-Interferon bei chronischem Hepatitis B-Virus-Trägertum. Übersicht über die am Royal Free Hospital durchgeführten Studien. Identifizierung von Faktoren, die die Ansprechrate beeinflussen

Howard C. Thomas; Linda J. Scully; A.M.L. Lever; I. Yap; Massimo Pignatelli

SummaryWe have reviewed the results of treating over 100 HBV carriers with adenine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside monophosphate and lymphoblastoid interferon. In the homosexual group of carriers, adenine arabinoside and its monophosphate have no value. However in this group, lymphoblastoid interferon will produce a response in over 50% of cases. This lack of effectiveness of adenine arabinoside monophosphate in this group may stem from its immunosuppressant properties. In heterosexual carriers both adenine arabinoside monophosphate and lymphoblastoid interferons are effective in approximately 50% to 60% of cases. However, the response rate is different in the various racial groups. Northern European and Mediterranean people appear to respond whereas those from the Far East do not. This may reflect the fact that there are at least two mechanisms by which the chronic carrier state may arise. In 5% to 10% of adults, a relative deficiency of alpha interferon production exists (37), and this defect is found in the majority of HBV carriers in Western Europe. In these, interferon acts as a replacement therapy and excellent results may be obtained if the patient is treated early in the course of the disease. It would appear that as the duration of the infection increases, the virus may integrate into interferon-reactive consensus sites and prevent the cell from responding to interferon. In patients infected at birth, transplacental anti-HBc appears to modulate the immune response and, along with immaturity of the immune system at this age, results in failure to lyse infected cells. These patients do not benefit from interferon treatment: some form of immune manipulation is required. As in the infection acquired in adult life, the presence in the hepatitis B virus genome of an interferon sensitive site, homologous to that found in the hepatocyte genome, will influence the biological response to interferon. It is now evident that there are several mechanisms underlying the chronic carrier state and that in different patients at varying stages of the infection, alternative approaches to therapy may be required.ZusammenfassungDie Behandlungsergebnisse mit Adenin-Arabinosid, Adenin-Arabinosid-Monophosphat und Lymphoblasten-Interferon bei mehr als 100 HBV-Trägern wurden ausgewertet. Bei der Gruppe homosexueller Carrier erwiesen sich Adenin-Arabinosid und sein Monophosphat als wirkungslos. Dagegen war in dieser Gruppe mit Lymphoblasten-Interferon eine Ansprechrate von mehr als 50% zu verzeichnen. Möglicherweise sind immunsuppressive Eigenschaften von Adenin-Arabinosid für seine fehlende Wirksamkeit bei dieser Gruppe verantwortlich. Bei heterosexuellen HBV-Trägern war sowohl Adenin-Arabinosid als auch Lymphoblasten-Interferon bei etwa 50% bis 60% der Fälle wirksam. Doch fanden sich Unterschiede in den Ansprechraten verschiedener ethnischer Gruppen. Im Gegensatz zu Patienten aus Nordeuropa und den Mittelmeerländern sprachen Patienten aus dem fernen Osten auf die Therapie nicht an. Dies könnte der Ausdruck von mindestens zwei verschiedenen Pathomechanismen für die Entstehung des chronischen Trägertums sein. Bei 5% bis 10% der Erwachsenen findet sich ein relativer Mangel an Alpha-Interferon-Produktion, und dieser Mangel läßt sich bei der Mehrzahl der HBV-Carrier aus Westeuropa nachweisen. Bei diesen Patienten stellt die Interferongabe eine Substitutionstherapie dar und erzielt ausgezeichnete Ergebnisse, wenn die Behandlung in der Frühphase der Erkrankung erfolgt. Mit zunehmender Krankheitsdauer integriert das Virus offensichtlich in Loci, die für das Ansprechen auf Interferon verantwortlich sind, und unterdrückt so die Reaktionsfähigkeit der Zelle auf Interferon. Bei Patienten, die unter der Geburt infiziert werden, scheint transplazentar übertragenes anti-HBc die Immunantwort zu modulieren; infolgedessen und wegen der Unreife des Immunsystems in diesem Alter können infizierte Zellen nicht lysiert werden. Diese Patienten haben von der Interferontherapie keinen Gewinn, bei ihnen wäre eine Form von immunologischer Manipulation erforderlich. Wie bei der im Erwachsenenalter erworbenen Infektion übt die Anwesenheit eines Interferon-sensiblen Locus im Hepatitis B-Virus-Genom, der dem im Hepatozyten-Genom gefundenen Locus homolog ist, einen Einfluß auf das biologische Ansprechen auf Interferon aus. Es ist inzwischen erwiesen, daß für die Entstehung des chronischen Trägertums mehrere verschiedene Pathomechanismen vorhanden sind und daß für verschiedene Stadien der Infektion bei verschiedenen Patienten unterschiedliche Therapieansätze nötig sein können.


Hepatology | 1995

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in 32 children: Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features, with survival analysis

Michael Wilschanski; Peter Chait; Judy Wade; Lori Davis; Mary Corey; Patrick St. Louis; Anne M. Griffiths; Laurence M. Blendis; Stanley P. Moroz; Linda J. Scully; Eve A. Roberts


Hepatology | 1987

Diminished responsiveness of male homosexual chronic hepatitis B virus carriers with HTLV‐III antibodies to recombinant α‐interferon

J.A. McDonald; L. Caruso; Peter Karayiannis; Linda J. Scully; J. R. W. Harris; G. E. Forster; Howard C. Thomas


Journal of Hepatology | 1987

Lymphoblastoid interferon therapy of chronic HBV infection: A comparison of 12 vs. 24 weeks of thrice weekly treatment

Linda J. Scully; R. Shein; Peter Karayiannis; J.A. McDonald; Howard C. Thomas


Hepatology | 1990

Immunological studies before and during interferon therapy in chronic HBV infection: Identification of factors predicting response

Linda J. Scully; David Brown; Chris Lloyd; Ruvan Shein; Howard C. Thomas

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I. Yap

Royal Free Hospital

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