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Featured researches published by Ling Bai.


Geophysical Research Letters | 2016

Faulting structure above the Main Himalayan Thrust as shown by relocated aftershocks of the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake

Ling Bai; Hongbing Liu; Jeroen Ritsema; Jim Mori; Tianzhong Zhang; Yuzo Ishikawa; Guohui Li

The 25 April 2015, M(w)7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake ruptured a shallow section of the Indian-Eurasian plate boundary by reverse faulting with NNE-SSW compression, consistent with the direction of current Indian-Eurasian continental collision. The Gorkha main shock and aftershocks were recorded by permanent global and regional arrays and by a temporary local broadband array near the China-Nepal border deployed prior to the Gorkha main shock. We relocate 272 earthquakes with M-w > 3.5 by applying a multiscale double-difference earthquake relocation technique to arrival times of direct and depth phases recorded globally and locally. We determine a well-constrained depth of 18.5 km for the main shock hypocenter which places it on the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). Many of the aftershocks at shallower depths illuminate faulting structure in the hanging wall with dip angles that are steeper than the MHT. This system of thrust faults of the Lesser Himalaya may accommodate most of the elastic strain of the Himalayan orogeny.


Earth, Planets and Space | 2006

The effect of distribution of stations upon location error: Statistical tests based on the double-difference earthquake location algorithm and the bootstrap method

Ling Bai; Zhongliang Wu; Tianzhong Zhang; Ichiro Kawasaki

In this letter, we investigate the effect of station distribution (including the number and azimuthal gap of stations) upon location error based on the field data observed at Northern California Seismic Network (NCSN) using a double-difference earthquake location algorithm and a bootstrap method. The earthquakes relocated by all 117 stations are set as reference and the error of location is defined as the RMS of the difference to the reference. We find that the location error has a nonlinear relationship with the distribution of stations. The results may be used as guidelines for building seismic network.


Geophysical Research Letters | 2010

Crustal structure beneath the Indochina peninsula from teleseismic receiver functions

Ling Bai; Xiaobo Tian; Jeroen Ritsema

[1] We analyze teleseismic receiver functions to determine the crustal structure beneath the Indochina peninsula which is located immediately south‐east of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis basin. We found that the Indochina peninsula is characterized by a thin (∼31 km) crust with a low Vp/Vs ratio (∼1.68). The intra‐lower crustal low‐velocity zone (LVZ) is observed beneath the northwestern part of our study region. We hypothesize that it is an extension of the lower crustal LVZ observed beneath the southeastern Tibet and the South China block and that it terminates at the Dien Bien Phu Fault (DBPF). A LVZ observed in the upper crust beneath southeast of the DBPF indicates that the crust is ductile and earthquakes are rare. Citation: Bai, L., X. Tian, and J. Ritsema (2010), Crustal structure beneath the Indochina peninsula from teleseismic receiver functions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24308, doi:10.1029/2010GL044874.


Earth, Planets and Space | 2006

An improved double-difference earthquake location algorithm using sP phases: application to the foreshock and aftershock sequences of the 2004 earthquake offshore of the Kii peninsula, Japan (Mw=7.5)

Ling Bai; Ichiro Kawasaki; Tianzhong Zhang; Yuzo Ishikawa

We have used s P phases to improve the hypocentral locations of the earthquakes that occurred offshore southeast of the Kii peninsula in association with the Mw=7.5 mainshock on September 5, 2004. The earthquakes were more than 100 km from the onshore seismic network and, thus, their focal depths were poorly constrained. The s P phases were recorded about 7–11 s after the initial P phases, with both phases having almost the same apparent velocities. The computation of ray-paths revealed that the arrival times of the later s P phases are sensitive to focal depths. We have recalculated the hypocenters and origin times for 36 events with more than six s P phase identifications on seismograms recorded at the High Sensitivity Seismograph Network by including s P phases in a double-difference earthquake location algorithm, which eliminates the errors introduced by crustal heterogeneity. The relocation results were then compared with those from the Japan Meteorological Agency based on traditional absolute location techniques.


Geophysical Research Letters | 2016

High‐resolution seismic tomography of the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal: Evidence for the crustal tearing of the Himalayan rift

Shunping Pei; Hongbing Liu; Ling Bai; Yanbing Liu; Quan Sun

The Mw7.8 Gorkha Earthquake struck Nepal and ruptured the boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates. We conducted 2D Pg-wave tomography to clarify the seismogenic structure and try to understand causal mechanisms for this large earthquake, using the aftershock data recorded by 15 broadband seismic stations located near the China-Nepal border. Our high-resolution results show that coseismic slip area of the main shock is consistent with the high P-wave velocity anomaly, and the region of maximum slip has a larger area with higher velocity than the region of initial slip, possibly resulting in the dominant low-frequency radiation of energy observed after the dominant high-frequency radiation of energy in the source rupture process. The boundary between these regions of contrasting high and low seismic velocity anomalies suggests a potential crustal tearing at the southern end of the Tangra Yum Co Rift, possibly resulting from different thrust speeds in the Greater Himalaya.


Earth and Planetary Physics | 2018

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of Nepal using multiple seismic source models

Moklesur Rahman; Ling Bai

The potential for devastating earthquakes in the Himalayan orogeny has long been recognized. The 2015 MW7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake has heightened the likelihood that major earthquakes will occur along this orogenic belt in the future. Reliable seismic hazard assessment is a critical element in development of policy for seismic hazard mitigation and risk reduction. In this study, we conduct probabilistic seismic hazard assessment using three different seismogenic source models (smoothed gridded, linear, and areal sources) based on the complicated tectonics of the study area. Two sets of ground motion prediction equations are combined in a standard logic tree by taking into account the epistemic uncertainties in hazard estimation. Long‐term slip rates and paleoseismic records are also incorporated in the linear source model. Peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration at 0.2 s and 1.0 s for 2% and 10% probabilities of exceedance in 50 years are estimated. The resulting maps show significant spatial variation in seismic hazard levels. The region of the Lesser Himalaya is found to have high seismic hazard potential. Along the Main Himalayan Thrust from east to west beneath the Main Central Thrust, large earthquakes have occurred regularly in history; hazard values in this region are found to be higher than those shown on existing hazard maps. In essence, the combination of long span earthquake catalogs and multiple seismogenic source models gives improved seismic hazard constraints in Nepal.


Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors | 2009

Upper mantle anisotropy beneath Indochina block and adjacent regions from shear-wave splitting analysis of Vietnam broadband seismograph array data

Ling Bai; Takashi Iidaka; Hitoshi Kawakatsu; Yuichi Morita; N.Q. Dzung


Tectonophysics | 2015

Complex deformation pattern of the Pamir-Hindu Kush region inferred from multi-scale double-difference earthquake relocations

Ling Bai; Tianzhong Zhang


Gondwana Research | 2017

Focal depths and mechanisms of shallow earthquakes in the Himalayan–Tibetan region

Ling Bai; Guohui Li; Nangyal Ghani Khan; Junmeng Zhao; Lin Ding


Geophysical Journal International | 2012

An analysis of SS precursors using spectral-element method seismograms

Ling Bai; Yang Zhang; Jeroen Ritsema

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Guohui Li

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Tianzhong Zhang

China Earthquake Administration

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Hongbing Liu

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Nangyal Ghani Khan

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Junmeng Zhao

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Yuzo Ishikawa

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

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M. Moklesur Rahman

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Quan Sun

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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