Ling-Yan Hung

Revisiting entanglement entropy of lattice gauge theories

A bstractIt is realized recently that the entanglement entropy in gauge theories is ambiguous because the Hilbert space cannot be expressed as a simple direct product of Hilbert spaces defined on the two regions; different ways of dividing the Hilbert spaces near the boundary leads to significantly different result, to the extreme that it could annihilate the otherwise finite topological entanglement entropy between two regions altogether. In this article, we first show that the topological entanglement entropy in the Kitaev model [1] which is not a true gauge theory, is free of ambiguity. Then, we give a physical interpretation, from the perspectives of what can be measured in an experiment, to the purported ambiguity of true gauge theories, where the topological entanglement arises as redundancy in counting the degrees of freedom along the boundary separating two regions. We generalize these discussions to non-Abelian gauge theories.

Exploring the Tensor Networks/AdS Correspondence

A bstractIn this paper we study the recently proposed tensor networks/AdS correspondence. We found that the Coxeter group is a useful tool to describe tensor networks in a negatively curved space. Studying generic tensor network populated by perfect tensors, we find that the physical wave function generically do not admit any connected correlation functions of local operators. To remedy the problem, we assume that wavefunctions admitting such semi-classical gravitational interpretation are composed of tensors close to, but not exactly perfect tensors. Computing corrections to the connected two point correlation functions, we find that the leading contribution is given by structures related to geodesics connecting the operators inserted at the boundary physical dofs. Such considerations admit generalizations at least to three point functions. This is highly suggestive of the emergence of the analogues of Witten diagrams in the tensor network. The perturbations alone however do not give the right entanglement spectrum. Using the Coxeter construction, we also constructed the tensor network counterpart of the BTZ black hole, by orbifolding the discrete lattice on which the network resides. We found that the construction naturally reproduces some of the salient features of the BTZ black hole, such as the appearance of RT surfaces that could wrap the horizon, depending on the size of the entanglement region A.

Generalized ADE classification of topological boundaries and anyon condensation

In this paper we would like to demonstrate how the known rules of anyon condensation motivated physically proposed by Bais et al can be recovered by the mathematics of twist-free commutative separable Frobenius algebra (CSFA). In some simple cases, those physical rules are also sufficient conditions defining a twist-free CSFA. This allows us to make use of the generalized ADE classification of CSFA’s and modular invariants to classify anyon condensation, and thus characterizing all gapped domain walls and gapped boundaries of a large class of topological orders. In fact, this classification is equivalent to the classification we proposed in Ref.1.A bstractIn this paper we would like to demonstrate how the known, physically-motivat-ed rules of anyon condensation proposed by Bais et al. can be recovered by the mathematics of twist-free commutative separable Frobenius algebra (CSFA). In some simple cases, those physical rules are also sufficient conditions defining a twist-free CSFA. This allows us to make use of the generalized ADE classification of CSFA’s and modular invariants to classify anyon condensation, characterize the topological boundaries between topological field theories and thus describe all gapped domain walls and gapped boundaries of a large class of topological orders. In fact, this classification is equivalent to the classification we proposed in ref. [1].

Tensor network and (

A bstractWe use the tensor network living on the Bruhat-Tits tree to give a concrete realization of the recently proposed p-adic AdS/CFT correspondence (a holographic duality based on the p-adic number field ℚp). Instead of assuming the p-adic AdS/CFT correspondence, we show how important features of AdS/CFT such as the bulk operator reconstruction and the holographic computation of boundary correlators are automatically implemented in this tensor network.

p

A bstractIn this note we explored the holographic relative entropy in the presence of the 5d Chern-Simons term, which introduces a mixed gauge-gravity anomaly to the dual CFT. The theory trivially satisfies an entanglement first law. However, to quadratic order in perturbations of the stress tensor T and current density J , there is a mixed contributionto the relative entropy bi-linear in T and J , signalling a potential violation of the positivity of the relative entropy. Miraculously, the term vanishes up to linear order in a derivative expansion. This prompted a closer inspection on a different consistency check, that involves time-delay of a graviton propagating in a charged background, scattered via a coupling supplied by the Chern-Simons term. The analysis suggests that the time-delay can take either sign, potentially violating causality for any finite value of the CS coupling.

-adic) AdS/CFT

A bstractIn 3d Chern-Simons theory, there is a discrete one-form symmetry, whose symmetry group is isomorphic to the center of the gauge group. We study the ‘t Hooft anomaly associated to this discrete one-form symmetry in theories with generic gauge groups, A, B, C, D-types. We propose to detect the discrete anomaly by computing the Hopf state entanglement in the subspace spanned by the symmetry generators and develop a systematical way based on the truncated modular S matrix. We check our proposal for many examples.

Relative Entropy, Mixed Gauge-Gravitational Anomaly and Causality

A bstractWe would like to put the area law — believed to be obeyed by entanglement entropies in the ground state of a local field theory — to scrutiny in the presence of nonperturbative effects. We study instanton corrections to entanglement entropy in various models whose instanton contributions are well understood, including U(1) gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions and false vacuum decay in ϕ4 theory, and we demonstrate that the area law is indeed obeyed in these models. We also perform numerical computations for toy wavefunctions mimicking the theta vacuum of the (1+1)-dimensional Schwinger model. Our results indicate that such superpositions exhibit no more violation of the area law than the logarithmic behavior of a single Fermi surface.

Linking entanglement and discrete anomaly

A bstractWe discuss properties of interpolating geometries in three dimensional gravity in the presence of a chiral anomaly. This anomaly, which introduces an unbalance between left and right central charges, is protected under RG flows. For this simple reason it is impossible to gap a system with such an anomaly. Our goal is to discuss how holography captures this basic and robust feature. We demonstrate the absence of a mass gap by analysing the linearized spectrum and holographic entanglement entropy of these backgrounds in the context of AdS3/CFT2.

Instantons and entanglement entropy

A bstractIn this paper we consider introducing careful regularization at the quantization of Maxwell theory in the asymptotic null infinity. This allows systematic discussions of the commutators in various boundary conditions, and application of Dirac brackets accordingly in a controlled manner. This method is most useful when we consider asymptotic charges that are not localized at the boundary u → ±∞ like large gauge transformations. We show that our method reproduces the operator algebra in known cases, and it can be applied to other space-time symmetry charges such as the BMS transformations. We also obtain the asymptotic form of the U(1) charge following from the electromagnetic duality in an explicitly EM symmetric Schwarz-Sen type action. Using our regularization method, we demonstrate that the charge generates the expected transformation of a helicity operator. Our method promises applications in more generic theories.

Fake gaps in AdS3/CFT2

In this note we explore the validity of the first law of entanglement entropy in the context of the topologically massive gravity (TMG). We found that the variation of the holographic entanglement entropy under perturbation from the pure AdS background satisfies the first law upon imposing the bulk equations of motion in a given time slice, despite the appearance of instabilities in the bulk for generic gravitationl Chern-Simons coupling μ. The black hole entropy is different from the holographic entanglement entropy in a general boosted frame. This discrepancy however do not affect the entanglement first law. November 13, 2015 ar X iv :1 51 1. 03 84 4v 1 [ he pth ] 1 2 N ov 2 01 5