Linganagouda Kulkarni

A Survey and Analysis on Scheduling Algorithms in IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX) Standard

Man or WiMAX, where WiMAX stands on Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is one of the latest technologies in the Wire-Less World. The main goal of WiMAX is to deliver wireless communications with quality of service in a secured environment. Unlike wireless LANs, WiMAX networks incorporate several qualities of service (QoS) mechanisms at the Media Access Control (MAC) level for guaranteed services for data, voice and video. Its Mobility feature makes it different from the other IEEE 802.16 protocols which was based on Static WiMAX and provided the Wireless communication at fixed locations. This paper deals with the key features of the IEEE 802.16e scheduling algorithms at MAC layer, their classification and their survey in which several authors have already done the research in this field. In addition to ensuring feasible algorithm complexity and system scalability, the purpose of scheduling algorithms also includes optimal usage of resources, to assure what the QoS guarantees, to maximize good throughput and to minimize power consumption.

Simulation of Vedic Multiplier in DCT Applications

This paper illustrates the simulation of Vedic multiplier in 2D DCT. The input data is first divided into NxN blocks, each block s of 8x8 size and 2-D DCT is applied on each of these 8x8 block and 2-D DCT is applied to reconstruct the image. The proposed 2-D DCT design uses Urdhva Tiryagbhyam a Vedic multiplication sutra and the Simulations with MATLAB prove that the proposed design is compared to that of conventional design. Performing DCT computations using Vedic multiplication sutras gives a significant performance even compared to a DCT using conventional. To illustrate our approach, the sample code implements part of JPEG compression routine, performs forward DCT on 8x8 blocks, quantizes coefficients, and performs inverse DCT.

Efficient Color Image Retrieval with Selective Relevance Feedback

Image retrieval has become an important aspect in today’s world as there is rapid growth of digital data. It is required to have efficient search system which delivers fast retrieval to cater to the need of end user with low computational cost and more accuracy. A new content-based search system is required to address the needs. In this paper, a new retrieval algorithm based on the statistical parameters like energy, standard deviation, and entropy of complex wavelets is presented. The performance is further enhanced by selective relevance feedback. The retrieval is carried out by decomposing the image using complex wavelet transform and computing the energy, standard deviation, moments, and the entropy of the subbands as feature vectors. The average retrieval accuracy of each of the class is improved by relevance feedback by training only the selected query images with poor retrieval accuracy.

QoS provisioning using cross layer architecture for multimedia communication

Multimedia transmission over wireless networks is having multiple challenges. Recently the cross layer architecture and SVC technologies are the promising methods to support the wireless communication. The existing methods are not able to resolve the issues of data delivery delay and QoS of the wireless communication. To address this issue this paper introduces the QoS improvement scheme in video transmission model based on cross layer architecture. A novel MAC encoding of the SVC video is considered in the proposed model. In this work we optimize the routing layer architecture by accounting the pending packets. The experimental study conducted proves the robustness of the proposed model by comparing with the existing schemes. Comparisons in terms of the transmission error rates, system utility and quality of reconstruction are presented.

Modified HYPR algorithm - A promising technique for low dose imaging

Medical imaging has grown tremendously over years. The CT and MRI are well thought-out to be most extensively used imaging modalities. MRI is less dangerous, but one cannot underrate the unsafe side effects of CT. Current study reveals the actuality of escalating risk of cancer as side effect for patients who go through recurring CT scanning. Consequently the devise of low dose imaging protocol is of the enormous significance in the current scenario. In this paper we present modified highly constrained back projection (M-HYPR) as a most promising method to address low dose imaging. HYPR is basically an iterative process in nature and hence computational greedy, and is the root cause for being neglected by CT developers. The weight matrix module, being main reason for huge computation time is modified in this work. Considerable speed up factor is recorded, as compared original HYPR (O-HYPR) on a lone thread CPU implementation. The superiority of reconstructed image in each platform has been analyzed. The evidenced results convey substantial improved performance by M-HYPR algorithm, and appreciable usage of GPU in medical image applications.

Modeling and Analysis of Cross-Layer Uplink Scheduler in IEEE 802.16e Standard

Wireless interoperable microwave access, abbreviated as WiMAX is a standard of IEEE 802.16, a wireless communication technology that has a main goal to achieve the quality of service (QoS) in a secured environment. The WiMAX MAC layer is designed to support different types of applications and services having different QoS requirements. Apart from providing high throughput and less delay, a scheduling algorithm at MAC Layer should also take into account the QoS classes and service requirements. We propose an uplink scheduling algorithm for IEEE 802.16e, WiMAX multimedia standard at MAC Layer of the base station, which supports four types of QoS traffic classes (UGS, rtPS, nrtPS, and BE) and focuses mainly developing a mathematical model based on theoretical concepts of statistics. We use NS3 for simulation of the algorithm. Proposed algorithm provides interesting results and thus enhances throughput and minimizes delay and jitter.

Attainment of Professional Outcome by Active Learning Method

The program outcomes defined in outcome-based education shall be broadly categorized into technical outcome and professional outcome. In engineering education, the professional outcomes are addressed to some extent by introducing humanity science course. Professional outcomes are addressed by mini and capstone projects. However in core courses the activities need to be designed to address the professional outcome. In this paper, we propose an active learning method called “Let us join” which is intended to address the professional outcomes. These activities are necessary in today’s scenario of education as knowledge sharing and group learning among students is seldom observed. The process of conduction of the activity and attainment of POs are presented in this paper. A survey was carried out before and after the activity, looking at the social relationship, self-drive for initiating communication and ability to integrate the information and document the information. The activity assesses students and also grades them according to their contribution in the activity.

Comprehensive Survey on Metal Artifact Reduction Methods in Computed Tomography Images

Over the past few years, medical imaging technology has significantly advanced. Today, medical imaging modalities have been designed with state-of-the-art technology to provide much better in-depth resolution, reduced artifacts, and improved contrast -to-noise ratio. However in many practical situations complete projection data is not acquired leading to incomplete data problem. When the data is incomplete, tomograms may blur, resolution degrades, noise increases and forms artifacts which is the most important factor in degrading the tomography image quality and eventually hinders diagnostic accuracy. Efficient strategies to address this problem and to improve the diagnostic acceptability of CT images are thus invaluable. This review work, presents comprehensive survey of techniques for minimization of streaking artifact due to metallic implant in CT images. Problematic issues and outlook for the future research are discussed too. The major goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive reference source for the researchers involved in metal artifact reduction methods.

GPU Based Modified HYPR Technique: A Promising Method for Low Dose Imaging

Medical imaging has grown tremendously over the decades. The computed tomography CT and Magnetic resonance imaging MRI are considered to be most widely used imaging modalities. MRI is less harmful, but one cannot underestimate the harmful side effects of CT. A recent study reveals the fact of increasing risk of cancer as a side effect for patients undergoing repeated CT scans. Hence the design of the low dose imaging protocol is about the immense importance in the current scenario. In this paper, the authors present modified highly constrained back projection M-HYPR as a most promising technique to address low dose imaging. Highly constrained back projection HYPR being iterative in nature is computational savvy, and is one of the main reasons for being neglected by CT developers. The weight matrix module, being root cause for huge computation time is modified in this work. Considerable speed up factor is recorded, as compared original HYPR O-HYPR on a single thread CPU implementation. The quality of the reconstructed image in each platform has been analyzed. Recorded results upholds M-HYPR algorithm, and appreciates usage of graphical processing units GPU in medical imaging applications.

A Cross Layer Scheduling Algorithm in IEEE 802.16e WiMAX Standard to Support RTPS Traffic Class

WiMAX refers to Wireless Interoperable implementations of the IEEE 802.16 standards ratified by the WiMAX Forum has a main goal to deliver wireless communications with quality of service in a secured environment. The WiMAX MAC layer is designed to support different types of applications and services having different Quality of service (QoS) requirements. In addition of providing higher throughput and less delay, a scheduling algorithm should also take into account the WiMAX Qos classes and service requirements at MAC layer. Proper scheduling algorithm will enhance the date rate of all the QoS classes of IEEE 802.16e standard. The problem of the scheduler is that there is no standard algorithm that will satisfy all the QoS parameters of IEEE 802.16e standard. We aim to highlight a problem of real-time (UGS & rtPS) service class and provide a feasible solution to it by directing our focus towards the real-time classes. We propose a review of uplink scheduling algorithms proposed for WiMAX and the problems connected with it. The solution to the proposed problem is that we structure a Cross layered hybrid up-link algorithm. NS3 simulations will lead us with interesting results and thus enhance throughput and minimize delay and jitter.