Linnyer Beatrys Ruiz

Decentralized intrusion detection in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have many potential applications. Furthermore, in many scenarios WSNs are of interest to adversaries and they become susceptible to some types of attacks since they are deployed in open and unprotected environments and are constituted of cheap small devices. Preventive mechanisms can be applied to protect WSNs against some types of attacks. However, there are some attacks for which there is no known prevention methods. For these cases, it is necessary to use some mechanism of intrusion detection. Besides preventing the intruder from causing damages to the network, the intrusion detection system (IDS) can acquire information related to the attack techniques, helping in the development of prevention systems. In this work we propose an IDS that fits the demands and restrictions of WSNs. Simulation results reveal that the proposed IDS is efficient and accurate in detecting different kinds of simulated attacks.

MANNA: a management architecture for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming an increasingly important technology that will be used in a variety of applications such as environmental monitoring, infrastructure management, public safety, medical, home and office security, transportation, and military. WSNs will also play a key role in pervasive computing where computing devices and people are connected to the Internet. Until now, WSNs and their applications have been developed without considering a management solution. This is a critical problem since networks comprising tens of thousands of nodes are expected to be used in some of the applications above. This article proposes the MANNA management architecture for WSNs. In particular, it presents the functional, information, and physical management architectures that take into account specific characteristics of this type of network. Some of them are restrict physical resources such as energy and computing power, frequent reconfiguration and adaptation, and faults caused by nodes unavailable. The MANNA architecture considers three management dimensions: functional areas, management levels, and WSN functionalities. These dimensions are specified to the management of a WSN and are the basis for a list of management functions. The article also proposes WSN models to guide the management activities and the use of correlation in the WSN management. This is a first step into a largely unexplored research area.

Fault management in event-driven wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a new monitoring and control solution for a variety of applications. Although the behavior of a WSN is characterized by the type of its application, a common element exist: faults are a normal fact, not isolated events as in traditional networks. Thus, in order to guarantee the network quality of service it is essential for the WSN to be able to detect failures and perform something akin to healing, recovering from events that might cause some of its parts to malfunction. In this work we propose and evaluate a failure detection scheme using a management architecture for WSNs, called MANNA. We take a deep look at its fault management capabilities supposing the existence of an event-driven WSN. This is a challenging and attractive kind of WSN and we show how the use of automatic management services defined by MANNA can provide self-configuration, self-diagnostic, and self-healing (some of the self-managing capabilities). We also show that the management solution promote the resources productivity without incurring a high cost to the network.

Simulating Large Wireless Sensor Networks Using Cellular Automata

A wireless sensor network is a special kind of ad hoc network where the nodes can sense, actuate, compute and communicate with each other using point-to-point multi-hop communication. Sensor networks can be used in a wide range of applications, such as environmental monitoring and industrial applications. Despite their potential applications, such networks have particular features imposed by resource restrictions, such as low computational power, reduced bandwidth and specially limited power source. Nowadays, real wireless sensor networks infrastructures are still very expensive. Therefore, most of the evaluations of new protocols are being made through simulation tools. The objective of this work is to verify the applicability of using cellular automata to simulate some aspects of sensor networks. A simulator has been developed to evaluate an algorithm for a very common problem in sensor networks: the topology control. The solution presented is based on the geographical position and the operational states of the sensor nodes. The obtained results indicate that cellular automata can be used with success to simulate large wireless sensor networks.

On the design of a self-managed wireless sensor network

During the last decade, there was a great technological advance in the development of smart sensors, low-power processors, and wireless communication protocols that when put together create a wireless sensor network (WSN). Smart, autonomous, and self-aware: that is the ultimate vision for WSNs. The success of this vision depends fundamentally on the self-management solutions. This work deals with this challenge: to provide a self-management solution for a WSN that monitors temperature and evaluates fire risks. We focus on self-organization, self-configuration, self-service, and self-maintenance. In particular, we propose service negotiation policies to demonstrate the self-service concept. The results reveal that the management solution can promote the productivity of network resources and the quality of the provided services.

Scheduling nodes in wireless sensor networks: a Voronoi approach

A wireless sensor network is a special kind of ad-hoc network with distributed sensing and processing capability that can be used in a wide range of applications, such as environmental monitoring, industrial applications and precision agriculture. Despite their potential applications, such networks have particular features imposed by resource restrictions, such as low computational power, reduced bandwidth and specially limited power source. In case of a network with a high density of sensor nodes, some problems may arise such as the intersection of sensing area, redundant data, communication interference, and energy waste. A management application is necessary to make the most of network resources. On the other hand, a high-density network can introduce a fault-tolerant mechanism, increase precision, and provide multi-resolution data. The network density control depends on the application. In this paper, we propose a method to set up which nodes should be turned off or on. The management may take the sensor node out of service temporally. Our design uses a Voronoi diagram, which decomposes the space into regions around each node. That schema could be used in management architecture for a wireless sensor network.

A Multi-tier, Multimodal Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring

WSNs are distributed sensing tools with monitoring capabilities unavailable until now. Network elements (sensor nodes) are frequently pointed out as a new computer systems class due to its ubiquitous an analytical features. Wireless Sensor Networks have evolved quickly in recent years. Such evolution lead to specializations such as Wireless Visual Sensor Networks and Multi-tier, Multimodal Wireless Sensor Networks (M2 WSN). The desing, modeling and implementation development of a WSN M2 for environment monitoring is treated in this work. Simulations with such network shows that they present better usage of components and energy resources with little sacrifice to the application performance.

An integrated approach for density control and routing in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are characterized by having scarce resources. The usual way of designing network functions is to consider them isolatedly, a strategy which may not guarantee the correct and efficient operation of WSNs. For this reason, in this paper we propose an integrated design of network functions. We take two important WSN functions - density control and routing - as an example and present two approaches to integrate them. In particular, we present two solutions, named RDC-sync and RDC-integrated, which integrate a geographical density control algorithm with tree routing. The simulations experiments performed prove that the integrated design improves the network performance, especially when density control and routing are fully integrated

On impact of management in wireless sensors networks

A wireless sensor network aims to collect data and, sometimes, control an environment. This kind of network is composed of hundreds to thousands of devices that have the capability of sensing, processing and wireless communicating, called sensor nodes. The sensor nodes are projected with small dimensions (cm/sup 3/ or mm/sup 3/) and this size limitation ends up restraining the node resources, like energy, processor and transceiver capacity. The task of building and deploying management systems in environments where there will be tens of thousand of network elements with particular features and organization is very complex. This task becomes worse due to the physical restrictions of these unattended sensor nodes. In this paper we have implemented and evaluated some automatic services of configuration and performance management, proposed by a WSN management architecture called MANNA. This architecture is based on the paradigm of self-management, which contains the automatic functions and services of management using a minimum of human interference. This work aims to evaluate different WSN configurations considering an application of continuous data sensing and dissemination, and the effects of the management solution proposed for this network. The built application does temperature and carbon monoxide concentration level monitoring, in an urban area. The results show the cost-benefit relations of the different organizations and demonstrates that management can promote the productivity of the resources and control the quality of the provided services.

Vehicular Networks: A New Challenge for Content-Delivery-Based Applications

A significant number of promising applications for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are becoming a reality. Most of these applications require a variety of heterogenous content to be delivered to vehicles and to their on-board users. However, the task of content delivery in such dynamic and large-scale networks is easier said than done. In this article, we propose a classification of content delivery solutions applied to VANETs while highlighting their new characteristics and describing their underlying architectural design. First, the two fundamental building blocks that are part of an entire content delivery system are identified: replica allocation and content delivery. The related solutions are then classified according to their architectural definition. Within each category, solutions are described based on the techniques and strategies that have been adopted. As result, we present an in-depth discussion on the architecture, techniques, and strategies adopted by studies in the literature that tackle problems related to vehicular content delivery networks.