Lionel K. Arnold

Alcoholic extraction of vegetable oils. I. Solubilities of cottonseed, peanut, sesame, and soybean oils in aqueous ethanol

SummarySolubilities of cottonseed, peanut, sesame, and soybean oils in aqueous alcoholic solutions at various temperatures were determined directly. Solubility curves for the four oils in aqueous alcoholic solutions are presented.The critical solution temperaturesversus alcoholic concentrations data have been plotted and are in complete agreement with the previously published data of Japanese workers in each case. It is observed that the critical solution temperature increases with the moisture content of the alcohol, and in each case the relationship is linear. The pressure in the system also varies directly with the temperature, the maximum being approximately 20 p.s.i.g.

Alcoholic extraction of vegetable oils. V. Pilot plant extraction of cottonseed by aqueous ethanol

SummaryCottonseed flakes were extracted by aqueous ethanol in a countercurrent pilot plant unit to determine the effect of operating variables and the optimum operating conditions.This investigation has shown that direct extraction of cottonseed, using aqueous ethanol as a solvent, is a feasible process in the type of equipment developed previously in this laboratory. The optimum operating conditions for the ethanol extraction of cottonseed have been established.The pilot plant extractions have shown that in this process a prime quality of crude oil and lightcolored meal of good quality, with negligible free gossypol content, are obtained.

Alcoholic extraction of vegetable oils. II. Solubilities of corn, linseed, and tung oils in aqueous ethanol

SummarySolubilities of corn, linseed, and tung oils in aqueous alcoholic solutions at various temperatures have been determined by a direct and simple method. The solubility curves for the three oils in aqueous alcoholic solutions are presented.The critical solution temperatureversus alcohol composition data have been plotted for the three oils. It is observed that the critical solution temperature increases with the water content of the alcohol and that the relationship is linear in each case. Similar results were obtained for cottonseed, peanut, sesame, and soybean oils previously (1).The pressure in the system, increases with temperature; the maximum is approximately 20 p.s.i.g.

Alcoholic extraction of vegetable oils. Part IV. Solubilities of vegetable oils in aqueous 2-propanol

SummarySolubilities of 14 vegetable oils in four different concentrations of aqueous 2-propanol at various temperatures were determined by a direct and simple method. Comprehensive solubility data of these oils and the critical solution temperatureversus 2-propanol composition data are presented in tabular form. Solubility of each oil in aqueous 2-propanol increases with temperature until the critical solution temperature is reached, at and above which oil and the solvent are miscible in all proportions. Further the critical solution temperatures of all the oils with aqueous 2-propanol solutions increased with the increase in water content of 2-propanol solutions. There appears to be a general relation between fatty acid contents of the oils and critical solution temperatures which needs further study.

Alcoholic extraction of vegetable oils. III. Solubilities of babassu, coconut, olive, palm, rapeseed, and sunflower seed oils in aqueous ethanol

SummarySolubilities of babassu, coconut, olive, palm, rapeseed, and sunflower seed oils in aqueous alcoholic solutions at various temperatures were determined by a direct and simple method. Solubility curves for the six oils are presented.The critical solution temperatures increase with the water content of the alcohol, and in each case the relationship is linear. The pressure in the system also varies with the temperature, the maximum being about 20 p.s.i.g.

Ethanol extraction of soybean oil

Extraction of soybean flakes with 90, 95, 98 and 100% ethanol resulted in more rapid lipid and less rapid non-lipid removal with the increasing ethanol concentrations. There was little difference in the quality of the oil produced by the different solvents. Protein content of the residual meal averaged 52.1%.

Effects of certain operating variables on the continuous solvent extraction of vegetable oils

SummaryData have been secured on the countercurrent extraction of soybean flakes by trichloroethylene in a laboratory extraction pilot plant having a capacity of about 10 lb. per hour. Feed rates and extraction times departed only slightly from a straight line relationship with the speed of the chain used to move the flakes through the extractor. Over the ranges studied, changes in solvent-feed ratios had a much greater effect than the extraction time on the amount of oil extracted. Over a practical range of temperatures with the solvent-feed ratio constant, the residual oil content of the meal showed a straight line relationship with the temperature.

The fatty acid composition of cottonseed oil at various stages of solvent extraction

The variation in the fatty acid composition of the glyceride portion of cottonseed oil at various stages of solvent extraction has been investigated. Prime cottonseed meats were flaked and extracted in glassware rate extraction apparatus, using commercial hexane up to different degrees of extractions. The fatty acid composition of cottonseed oil obtained after extracting the flakes to different residual oil contents was determined by gas-liquid partition chromatography. No difference was found.

Effect of moisture on the rate of solvent extraction of soybeans and cottonseed meats

SummaryWhile continuous extraction by percolation of flaked soybeans and cottonseed meats of different moisture contents by hexane and by trichloroethylene showed variations at the end of 60 minutes as great as 5.47% residual oil, the variations over the range of practical plant operation conditions are too small to be a significant factor. Moisture affects the rate of extraction of soybean flakes and cottonseed meat flakes by trichloroethylene less than the rate of extraction by hexane.

Extraction of soybeans with four hydrocarbon solvents

Soybean flakes were extracted in glass extraction apparatus with four hydrocarbon solvents: hexane, isohexane, pentane, and isopentane. The amount of extracted oil was determined at 10 min intervals for 60 min. The extraction rates of the solvents increased in the following order: isopentane, pentane, isohexane, and hexane. Quality and fatty acid composition of the oils extracted by the four solvents showed no significant differences.