Liriane Baratella-Evêncio

Effects of the topical administration of copaiba oil ointment (Copaifera langsdorffii) in skin flaps viability of rats

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil ointment (Copaifera langsdorffii) on dorsal skin flaps in rats. METHODS Adult male rats (n=30) were distributed into three groups of ten animals each, as follows: GC--control; GCA--absolute control and GT--treated with copaiba ointment. The rats were subjected to dorsal cutaneous skin flap surgery and the animals from the GC and GT received post-operative treatment for eight consecutive days. The animals from the GCA group did not receive treatment while the animals from the GC group received daily topical treatment of ointment without the active ingredient and the animals from the GT group were daily treated with 10% copaiba oil ointment. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated according to the percentage of necrotic area. Then, fragments from cranial, median and caudal parts were fixed in Boüins solution and processed for paraffin embedding. The morphology of histological sections (5µm) was evaluated and the number of leucocytes, fibroblasts and blood vessels was also analyzed. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS The necrotic area was lower in the group treated with copaiba ointment when compared to the control groups (GCA>GC and GT), while the morphology showed larger granulation tissue with bulky fibroblasts and collagen fibers more arranged in the GT group. The morphometry showed a significant higher number of blood vessels in the median and caudal parts (GT>GCA and GC), leucocytes in the cranial part (GT>GC>GCA), and also fibroblasts in the median (GT and GC> GCA) and caudal parts (GT>GC and GCA) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The copaiba oil ointment favors angiogenesis and accelerates the viability of random skin flaps in rats.

Effects of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifoliu Raddi) oil on cutaneous wound healing in rats

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) ointment on skin wound healing in rats. METHODS Adult male rats (n=20) were divided into four groups of five animals each, as follows: G4, G7, G14 and G21, which corresponds to 4th, 7th, 14th and 21th days postoperatively. Each animal were made two incisions on the skin, including the subcutaneous tissue, in the right and left sides of thoracic region, separated by a distance of two inches. The right lesion was treated with base ointment (vaseline, lanolin); the left one was treated with base ointment containing 5% of aroeira oil. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated for the contraction degree. Then held the collection of fragments that were fixed in 10% formalin and processed for paraffin embedding. In the histological sections (5μm) was evaluated the morphology and quantified the collagen and blood vessels. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS The contraction of the lesions was higher in wounds treated with aroeira oil than in controls at 7th and 14th days (p<0.01), whereas in the 21st day all lesions were already completely healed. The morphology showed granulation tissue more developed, with fibroblasts more bulky and collagen fibers more arranged in the experimental group at 4th, 7th and 14th days. The morphometry showed a significant increase in the quantification of collagen fibers in the experimental group at 7th and 14th days (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The aroeira oil accelerates the healing process of wounds as a macroscopic, morphological and morphometrical analysis.

Neoangiogênese de retalhos cutâneos em ratos tratados com óleo de copaíba

Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal

Effects of treatment with fluoxetine on mandibular development: A morphological study in rats.

AIM To verify whether the use of fluoxetine during gestation and lactation interferes in mandibular bone formation in rats. METHODS Twenty-four Wistar rat pups were used and distributed into four groups: CG - control of gestation; CL - control of gestation and lactation; FG - treated with fluoxetine during gestation and FL - treated with fluoxetine during gestation and lactation. At 25 days of life, after anesthesia, perfusion and decapitation, the mandibles were removed. Radiographic, histologic, histometric and polarizing microscopy analyses were performed. Statistical analysis was used considering a level of 5% significance. RESULT The FL group compared with its control (CL) was shown to differ statistically from the other groups as regards histometry and radiopacity, revealing a reduction in the inferior cortical thickness, reduction in number of osteocytes, with consequent reduction in radiographic bone density. There was also reduction in the number of osteoblasts in FG. CONCLUSION The long-term use of fluoxetine via oral route by pregnant and lactating rats modifies the mandibular bone mass.

Fibrogenesis and epithelial coating of skin wounds in rats treated with angico extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil)

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of angico bark extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) in the healing process of the skin of rats. METHODS Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, according to the respective postoperative days, as follow: G4, G7, G14 and G21. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, the animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. Histological sections (5 μm of thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Gomori trichromic and picrosisirus red for morphological and morphometric analyses. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in skyn wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at 7th and collagen in 7th and 14th days (p<0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract. CONCLUSION The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats.

Mast cell concentration and skin wound contraction in rats treated with Ximenia americana L

PURPOSE To evaluate wound contraction and the concentration of mast cells in skin wounds treated with wild plum (Ximenia americana) essential oil-based ointment in rats. METHODS Sixty rats were submitted to two cutaneous wounds in the thoracic region, on the right and left antimeres. Thereon, they were divided into three groups: GX (wounds treated once a day with hydro alcoholic branch extract of Ximenia americana), GP (wounds that received vehicle), and GC (wounds without product application). Wounds were measured immediately after the injury as well as 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post-topical application of the extract. At these days, five rats from each group were euthanatized. Thereafter, samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E, Massons Trichrome and toluidine blue for morphological, morphometrical and histopathological analysis, under light microscopy. The degree of epithelial contraction was measured and mast cell concentrations were also evaluated with an image analyzer (Image Pro-plus®software) . RESULTS The extract treated group showed lower mast cell concentrations in the 4th day of lesion, as compared to GP (GX GP = GC; p<0.05) . CONCLUSION Ointment containing 10% X. americana induces a decrease in mast cell concentration, at the beginning of the healing process, and promotes early skin wound contraction in rats.

Fluoxetine effects on periodontogenesis: histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses in rats

Abstract Reports have indicated that serotonin plays an important role in cell migration and differentiation during the organogenesis of several tissues, including the oral types. Administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs during pregnancy could affect the delivery of serotonin to embryonic tissues altering its development. Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the formation of the periodontal ligament during pregnancy and lactation in rat pups. Material and Methods Twelve pregnant rats of Wistar lineage were divided into four study groups. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was administered orally, throughout the entire period of the 21 days of pregnancy (CG group) and in the CGL group, it was administrated during pregnancy and lactation (from day 1 of pregnancy to the 21st day after birth). Fluoxetine was administered orally at the dose of 20 mg/kg in a group treated during pregnancy only (FG group), and during pregnancy and lactation (FGL group). Histometrical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the maxillary first molar periodontium region of the 24 rat pups was made under light microscopy, and periodontal ligament collagen was qualitatively evaluated under a polarizing light microscope. Results The quantity of fibroblasts (p=0.006), osteoblasts (p=0.027) and cementoblasts (p=0.001) was reduced in pups from the rats that received fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation. No alterations were seen in the collagen fibers. Conclusion These findings suggest that periodontal tissue may be sensitive to fluoxetine, and its interference in reducing periodontal cells depends on exposure time during lactation.

Morphological aspects of dentin-pulp complex development in the offspring of rats treated with fluoxetine during pregnancy

Aim: To evaluate the morphological aspects of coronal dentinogenesis in the first molars of 1- and 5-day-old rats whose mothers were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride during pregnancy. Methods: Twelve pregnant Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: group C (control), group FL (fluoxetine administered at 10 mg/kg bodyweight), and group FX (fluoxetine administered at 20 mg/kg bodyweight). Saline (0.9%) solution or fluoxetine hydrochloride was administered subcutaneously for the first 21 days of pregnancy. Subsequently, the offspring of these animals was subdivided into subgroups according to age of tooth germ development to be studied: 1 and 5 days of life. C1 and C5 (control group 1 and 5 days of age); FL1 and FL5 (groups treated with 10 mg/kg fluoxetine at 1 and 5 days of age); FX5 and FX1 (groups treated with 20 mg/ kg fluoxetine at 1 and 5 days of age). Results: No structural changes in the dentin-pulp complex of rats whose mothers were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride were observed at either dose. Conclusions: Fluoxetine, at the doses administered during pregnancy in this study, did not alter the morphological development of the coronal dentin-pulp complex in their offspring.

Efeito da ivermectina sobre a ciclicidade, gestação e desenvolvimento neonatal em ratos

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o ciclo estral, gestacao e lactacao de ratas tratadas com ivermectina. 82 ratas albinas foram divididas em sete grupos. Os animais receberam agua destilada (GI) ou diferentes doses de ivermectina, por via oral (GII=0,5; GIII=1,0; GIV=2,0; GV=4,0; GVI=8,0 e GVII=10,0 mg/kg). Os animais foram tratados por 45 dias, com ivermectina a cada tres dias, totalizando 15 aplicacoes. Apos esse periodo foi realizado exame colpocitologico durante 15 dias consecutivos. Ao final, quatro animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados e ovarios e uteros retirados e processados para avaliacao histologica. Os animais restantes foram acasalados e tratados com ivermectina, nas doses correspondentes a cada grupo, no 1o, 4o, 7o, 10o, 13o e 16o dias de gestacao. Ao nascimento, os neonatos foram contados, analisados quanto a existencia de defeitos congenitos, mortalidade e pesados ate o 15o dia de lactacao. Durante a lactacao, as matrizes receberam novamente ivermectina no 1o, 4o, 7o, 10o e 13o dias. Nossos resultados mostraram que os animais dos grupos II, III, IV, V, VI e VII apresentaram maior incidencia de estro em relacao a GI. Quanto a histopatologia, os grupos tratados com a ivermectina apresentaram maior concentracao de glândulas endometriais hiperplasicas. O tratamento nao afetou tempo de gestacao, numero de neonatos, mortalidade ou defeitos congenitos. Na lactacao observamos perda de peso na prole das matrizes tratadas com ivermectina. Pode-se concluir que a ivermectina, aumenta a incidencia de estro e nao deve ser indicada para uso em animais lactantes.