Lisa M. Reeves

Cloning, expression, and type II collagenolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-13 from human osteoarthritic cartilage.

Proteolysis of triple-helical collagen is an important step in the progression toward irreversible tissue damage in osteoarthritis. Earlier work on the expression of enzymes in cartilage suggested that collagenase-1 (MMP-1) contributes to the process. Degenerate reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments, Northern blot analysis, and direct immunodetection have now provided evidence that collagenase-3 (MMP-13), an enzyme recently cloned from human breast carcinoma, is expressed by chondrocytes in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Variable levels of MMP-13 and MMP-1 in cartilage was significantly induced at both the message and protein levels by interleukin-1 alpha. Recombinant MMP-13 cleaved type II collagen to give characteristic 3/4 and 1/4 fragments; however, MMP-13 turned over type II collagen at least 10 times faster than MMP-1. Experiments with intact type II collagen as well as a synthetic peptide suggested that MMP-13 cleaved type II collagen at the same bond as MMP-1, but this was then followed by a secondary cleavage that removed three amino acids from the 1/4 fragment amino terminus. The expression of MMP-13 in osteoarthritic cartilage and its activity against type II collagen suggest that the enzyme plays a significant role in cartilage collagen degradation, and must consequently form part of a complex target for proposed therapeutic interventions based on collagenase inhibition.

Synthesis and biological activity of piperazine-Based dual MMP-13 and TNF-α converting enzyme inhibitors

Abstract A series of novel MMP-13 and TNF-α converting enzyme inhibitors based on piperazine 2-hydroxamic acid scaffolds are described. The TACE, MMP-1 and MMP-13 activity of these inhibitors as well as the effect of substitution of the piperazine nitrogen and the P-1′ benzyloxy tailpiece is discussed. Moderate in vivo activity is observed with several members of this group.

Inhibitors of MMP-1: an examination of P1′ Cα gem-disubstitution in the succinamide hydroxamate series

Abstract The effect of P 1 ′ C α gem-disubstitution in a series of succinamide hydroxamate inhibitors of MMP-1 has been investigated. While in all cases P 1 ′ gem-disubstitution led to loss of potency relative to the corresponding P 1 ′ isobutyl and phenyl compounds 1 and 3 , respectively, the loss of activity was less pronounced in certain instances, e.g., the P 1 ′ gem-cyclohexyl analogue 12 IC 50 = 0.15 μM).

Inhibitors of MMP-1: an examination of P1′ Cα gem-disubstitution in the N-carboxyalkylamine and glutaramide carboxylate series

Abstract Modification of the N-carboxyalkylamine 3 by independent replacement of the P1′ NH group for CH2 and introduction of P1′ gem-cyclohexyl substitution affords compounds 5 and 6a which retain appreciable activity against MMP-1 (IC50s = 0.023 μM and 0.09 μM, respectively). The glutaramide 7a which incorporates both these structural changes also retains potent activity (IC50 = 0.038 μM).