Lisdar Idwan Sudirman

Detection of Antimicrobial Compounds Isolated from Several Tropical Lentinus by Bioautographic Method

Sperm collected from cauda epididymis is a source of male gametes. The purposes of this study was to evaluate an quality of frozen-thawed sperm of garut ram which was collected from cauda epididymis and cryopreserved with modified Tris extender, i.e: Tris extender (control, KT), Tris extender + 60 mM lactose (LS), and Tris extender + 60 mM lactose + 0.05% glutathione (GL). Quality of collected sperm including concentration, motility, live sperm, abnormality, cytoplasmic droplet, intact acrosomal cap (IAC), and intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated. Results showed that mean of sperm concentration, percentages of motility, live sperm, abnormality, cytoplasmic droplet, IAC, and IPM of fresh epididymal sperm were 13,993.33 million/ml, 70.83, 82.83, 10.83, 8.5, 85.83, and 81.33%, respectively. Sperm quality after equilibration for LS and GL were significantly (PExperiments were conducted on the morphology, fertilization and embryo development rate of vitrified ovine oocytes matured in vitro. Three vitrification solutions were used for vitrification. PBS supplemented with 1% BSA, 30% ethylene glycol was added by one of three different sucrose concentrations, 1.00 M (VS1), 0.50 M (VS2), and 0.25 M (VS3). The results showed that the percentages of normal vitrified oocytes after warming were 78 and 63% in VS1 and VS2, respectively, which was significantly higher as compared for VS3. The fertilization rates were 59 and 66% in VS1 and VS2, respectively, which were also significantly higher as compared with VS3 (35%). Zygote viability after 18 h was 57; 43; and 40%, for VS1,VS2, and VS3, respectively, which was not significantly different. The incidence of polyspermic penetration increased with increasing sucrose concentration, i.e 23, 11, and 9% in VS1, VS2, and VS3, respectively, as compared with unvitrified oocytes (4%). The cleavage rate of vitrified oocytes in VS1 was 13.2% which was significantly lower (p

Deteksi Senyawa Antimikrob yang Diisolasi dari Beberapa Lentinus Tropis dengan Metode Bioautografi

The antimicrobial compounds extracted either from culture filtrates or mycelia of several tropical Lentinus species could be detected their existences and locations by bioautographic method. For this purpose, the crude extracts were deposited as spots on silica gel plates and developed in a n-butanol-acetic acid-water mixture (3:1:1). The dry silica gel plates were then seeded with Bacillus subtilis and incubated at 35 °C for one night. On these plates, the extracts were separated into several bioautographic spots or growth inhibition zones. In parallel, the spots were detected by viewing with chemical revelations or under ultraviolet radiations at 254 nm or 366 nm. On silica gel thin-layer chromatograms, the crude extracts of Lentinus were separated into several bioautographic spots; for the filtrate extracts of L. squarrosulus 55A into three spots (Rfs 0.75, 0.50, 0.17), the mycelial extracts of L. sajor-caju LSC8 into two spots (Rfs 0.77, 0.54), the mycelial extract of L. torulosus LU3 into two spots (Rfs 0.77, 0.48), the filtrate extracts of L. cladopus LC6 into one spot (Rf 0.76) but the mycelial extracts of this mushroom separated into two spots (Rfs 0.79, 0.54), the filtrate and mycelial extracts of L. cladopus LC4 into three spots respectively (Rfs 0.75, 0.61, 0.45 for the filtrate extract and Rfs 0.83, 0.73, 0.60 for mycelial extract). By this method, the active compounds were detected directly and it is a usual method for further work on the purification of the target compounds.

Potensi fungi pelapuk putih asal lingkungan tropik untuk bioremediasi herbisida The potential white-rot fungi native of tropical environment for herbicides bioremediation

Fungal treatment by using white-rot fungi to reduce a wide variety of herbicide compounds is a specialized bioremediation process. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, and Pleurocybella porrigens and seven whiterot fungi isolated from a native of tropical environment to grow on yeast malt extract glucose (YMG) agar containing high concentration of (I) 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, (R) glyphosate, and (G) paraquat. The data indicated that P. chrysosporium could grow on YMG media containing 5000 ppm of (I) 2,4-D, whereas BPBPI 02/04 isolate on YMG 250 ppm of (R) glyphosate or (G) paraquat. Relative values of growth inhibition of these fungi are 81.1; 27.8; and 50.0% respectively. Biodegradation capability of herbicides by candidate inoculants in soil-sand media was also determined in greenhouse experiment by using peanut, sorghum, corn, and Borreria alata as bio-indicators. Peanut and B. alata were found to be the best responsive seedlings as bio-indicator on the presence of (I) 2,4-D herbicide in soil-sand media.

Peningkatan Efikasi Cendawan Lecanicillium lecanii untuk Mengendalikan Telur Hama Kepik Coklat pada Kedelai

Aromatic rice is popular for its aroma, taste, and texture. The chemical compound of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrrolina (2AP) contributes to the pandan leaf-like aroma, while the hexanal compound is used as an indicator of rancidity in rice. Grains of three aromatic rice varieties, namely Mentik Wangi, Pandan Wangi, and Sintanur were milled in three degree of milling, i.e., 100, 90, and 0% (brown rice). The milled rice and the brown rice were then stored in hermetic bags and plastic bags for 4 months at room temperature. Chemical composition of the packed and stored rice grains were determined by the proximate analysis, including moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and amylose content. The analysis was conducted at the beginning and the end of month of storage. Consumer preference test of the packed rice was done by the hedonic test. Moisture, ash, protein and fat contents during storage were still in the standards range. Compared to the amylose content prior to storage, the textures of the cooked rice after four months of storage remained fluffier or became less fluffy. The aroma, tenderness, texture, flavor, and overall attributes, judged by the panelists, Mentik Wangi was the most favored, followed by Sintanur and Pandan Wangi. Both hermetic bag and plastic bag gave no different effects on the stored rice quality and on the consumer preferences.The presently available cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS) commonly used to develop rice hybrids in Indonesia are susceptible to major pests and diseases. Research was conducted to develop new cytoplasmic male sterile lines which are highly resistant to major pests and diseases. Two new cytoplasmic male sterile rice lines, GMJ4A and GMJ5A, were developed using backcross method, derived from crosses of BP455G-PN-13-2-1-1-10-MR-3-1 and B11005E-MR-4-2-1, which were identified as completely sterile on a test cross nursery. The following season, sterile F1 generations were successively backcrossed until stable sterile plants were obtained in 2006. Seeds of the two cytoplasmic sterile lines were mass produced at Muara, Bogor, in 2006. GMJ4A and GMJ5A are resistant to bacterial leaf blight patotipe IV and VIII. Both lines are resistant to brown plant hopper in the green house test with scores of 1 to 3. The hybrid combinations involving GMJ4A and GMJ5A were evaluated in an observational yield test at Muara during dry season of 2007 and at Kuningan in dry season 2009. The level of grain yield heterosis were better than the check varieties. These two lines are expected to be used as a replacement for the existing CMS lines.Nutrient uptake capacity is an important factor for increasing rice yield. A high nutrient uptake capacity is expected to produce a high rice yield. Research was conducted at Anjir Serapat Barat Village (Land type A), and Anjir Serapat Timur Village (Land type B) in the Kapuas Timur District, Central Kalimantan, during the planting season (PS) of 2006. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five treatments of three replications. The treatment consisted of 5 high-yielding rice varieties (IR66, IR64, Kapuas, Margasari, and Martapura) and each set was planted at two land types (Land types A and B). The variables observed were the N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptakes by rice plants. Results showed that nutrient uptake capacities of rice plants were affected by rice varieties and by land types. The highest nutrient uptake capacity was found on variety Margasari grown on Land type A, which was equal to 55.2 kg K/ha, 47.6 kg N/ha, 19.7 kg P/ha, 19.7 kg Ca/ha, and 3.11 kg Mg/ha, followed by variety Martapura grown on Land type A, which was equal to 51.8 kg K/ha, 46.1 kg N/ha, 17.9 kg Ca/ha, 17.1 kg P/ha, and 9.7 kg Mg/ha. The lowest nutrient uptake capacity was found on variety Kapuas grown on Land type B, which was equal to 21.3 kg K/ha, 17.0 kg N/ha, 5.2 kg Ca/ha, 5.0 kg P/ha, and 2.8 kg Mg/ha. Differences on nutrient uptake capacity may influence the biomass and grain yield.