Lisiane Ortiz Teixeira

Papilomavírus humano: prevalência e genótipos encontrados em mulheres HIV positivas e negativas, em um centro de referência no extremo Sul do Brasil

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was detect the presence of human papillomavirus and investigate the prevalence and distribution of the HPV-6, 11, 16 and 18 genotypes among HIV-1 positive and negative women. METHODS Samples of cervical smears from 98 women were analyzed using the nested polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HPV and using the type-specific technique for genotype detection. Genotypes were confirmed by means of restriction fragment analysis. The chi-square and Fisher tests were performed for the statistical analysis. RESULTS HPV-DNA was observed in 66.3% of the samples analyzed: 76.4% in the HIV-positive group and 60% in the HIV-negative group (p = 0.1). Higher prevalence of viral infection due to oncogenic genotypes was observed in the HIV-positive group (65.2%) than in the HIV-negative group (28.6%), (p = 0.006), and HPV-16 was the most frequent in the two groups, followed by HPV-18. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that HIV-positive women present a higher likelihood of infection by oncogenic HPV genotypes, and the importance of a screening and differential diagnosis program for this group is highlighted.

Prática de atividade física entre jovens em município do semiárido no Brasil

The scope of this study was to establish the prevalence of physical activity among young people and to analyze its association with demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors. All youths aged 13 to 19 years of age living in the city of Caracol, Piauí, Brazil, were studied, comprising a total of 1,112 individuals. Data collection was conducted by means of household interviews using a standardized questionnaire. The dependent variable was the practice of physical activity in a typical week. Youths who performed moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity of at least one hour every day of the week were considered physically active. The prevalence of physically active youths was 12.6% (95% CI 10.6 to 14.5), being higher in males (20.3%; 95% CI 16.8 to 23.7) and those in the upper third of the asset indicator variable (16.5; 95% CI 12.7 to 20.3), and inversely related to age. Among males, afro-descendants were more active (32.3%; 95% CI 14.9 to 49.7), whereas the Arian females were more active (12.7%; 95% CI 5.2 to 20.2). The prevalence of physical activity was low in this population, particularly among females (5.9%; 95% CI 4.0 to 7.8), older youths and youth from the less privileged socioeconomic brackets.The scope of this study was to establish the prevalence of physical activity among young people and to analyze its association with demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors. All youths aged 13 to 19 years of age living in the city of Caracol, Piaui, Brazil, were studied, comprising a total of 1,112 individuals. Data collection was conducted by means of household interviews using a standardized questionnaire. The dependent variable was the practice of physical activity in a typical week. Youths who performed moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity of at least one hour every day of the week were considered physically active. The prevalence of physically active youths was 12.6% (95% CI 10.6 to 14.5), being higher in males (20.3%; 95% CI 16.8 to 23.7) and those in the upper third of the asset indicator variable (16.5; 95% CI 12.7 to 20.3), and inversely related to age. Among males, afro-descendants were more active (32.3%; 95% CI 14.9 to 49.7), whereas the Arian females were more active (12.7%; 95% CI 5.2 to 20.2). The prevalence of physical activity was low in this population, particularly among females (5.9%; 95% CI 4.0 to 7.8), older youths and youth from the less privileged socioeconomic brackets.

Frequência do Papilomavírus Humano na placenta, no colostro e no sangue do cordão umbilical

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the placenta, in the colostrum and in the umbilical cord blood of parturient women and their newborns assisted at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Hospital of Rio Grande (RS), Brazil. METHODS: Biopsies were collected from 150 placentas on the maternal side, 150 on the fetal side, 138 samples of umbilical cord blood and 118 of the colostrum. The placenta biopsies were collected from the central and peripheral portions. DNA was extracted according to the manufacturers protocol and to a reference found in the literature. HPV was detected by the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR-Nested) using primers MY09/11 and GP5/GP6. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. The participants responded to a self-applied questionnaire with demographic and clinical data, in order to characterize the sample. RESULTS: HPV was detected in 4% (6/150) of cases on the mothers side of the placentas, in 3.3% (5/150) on the fetal side, in 2.2% (3/138) in umbilical cord blood and in 0.84% (1/118) in colostrum samples. The vertical transmission rate was 50%. HPV-6 was the low-risk genotype found (60%) and the high-risk genotypes were HPV-16 and HPV-18 (20% each). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that HPV can infect the placenta, the colostrum and the umbilical cord blood.PURPOSE To determine the frequency of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the placenta, in the colostrum and in the umbilical cord blood of parturient women and their newborns assisted at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Hospital of Rio Grande (RS), Brazil. METHODS Biopsies were collected from 150 placentas on the maternal side, 150 on the fetal side, 138 samples of umbilical cord blood and 118 of the colostrum. The placenta biopsies were collected from the central and peripheral portions. DNA was extracted according to the manufacturers protocol and to a reference found in the literature. HPV was detected by the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR-Nested) using primers MY09/11 and GP5/GP6. Genotyping was performed by direct sequencing. The participants responded to a self-applied questionnaire with demographic and clinical data, in order to characterize the sample. RESULTS HPV was detected in 4% (6/150) of cases on the mothers side of the placentas, in 3.3% (5/150) on the fetal side, in 2.2% (3/138) in umbilical cord blood and in 0.84% (1/118) in colostrum samples. The vertical transmission rate was 50%. HPV-6 was the low-risk genotype found (60%) and the high-risk genotypes were HPV-16 and HPV-18 (20% each). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HPV can infect the placenta, the colostrum and the umbilical cord blood.

Adaptação transcultural do Questionário sobre Conhecimento de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis para o português brasileiro

Objective To adapt the Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ) for the Portuguese of Brazil. Methods The instrument was translated to Portuguese and back-translate to English to independently. Six judges participated of the face validity and content validity. Content validity was measured by the Content Validity Coefficient for each item (CVCc) and for the whole questionnaire (CVCt). The discussion was established with focus groups formed with 15 users of community center and 15 college students. The theoretical dimension of the instrument was calculated using the kappa coefficient. Results One item was retired because of a lower content validity (CVCc < 0.80). Two questions about syphilis were appended. For theoretical dimension there was substantial agreement among the judges. Conclusion These results show that for clarity of language (CVCt = 0.89), relevance practice (CVCt = 0.92) and theoretical relevance (CVCt = 0.93), the proposed items seem appropriate for conducting future research on the validity construct and reliability, which will produce evidence about the applicability of this questionnaire for evaluation of knowledge in the research field.

Tendência temporal e distribuição espacial da sífilis congênita no estado do Rio Grande do Sul entre 2001 e 2012

The scope of the study was to evaluate the temporal trend and spatial distribution of congenital syphilis (CS) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. All cases reported by the SINASC/DATASUS between 2001 and 2012 were included. The number of live births was obtained from DATASUS. Incidence rates of CS were grouped according to micro-regions of IBGE and analyzed for the entire period and for triennia. The spatial correlation was analyzed by the global Moran index (I) and the local index. 3,613 cases were reported. Between 2007 and 2012 89 neonates (3.6%) died. Rates varied from to 1.03 in 2001 to 5.1 cases per 1000 live births in 2012, with an annual increase of 0.84 cases per 1000 live births (p < 0.01) and 93.88% of explained variance. The micro-regions were spatially independent (I = 0.06; p = 0.25), with Porto Alegre having the highest incidence (4.19 cases / 1000 live births) and Jaguarao the lowest (0.23 cases / 1000 live births). Micro-regions with significant local spatial dependence were observed. The increase in cases of CS highlights poor prenatal quality care. Identification of the micro-regions with the highest incidence is essential to focus public policy on this health problem.The scope of the study was to evaluate the temporal trend and spatial distribution of congenital syphilis (CS) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. All cases reported by the SINASC/DATASUS between 2001 and 2012 were included. The number of live births was obtained from DATASUS. Incidence rates of CS were grouped according to micro-regions of IBGE and analyzed for the entire period and for triennia. The spatial correlation was analyzed by the global Moran index (I) and the local index. 3,613 cases were reported. Between 2007 and 2012 89 neonates (3.6%) died. Rates varied from to 1.03 in 2001 to 5.1 cases per 1000 live births in 2012, with an annual increase of 0.84 cases per 1000 live births (p < 0.01) and 93.88% of explained variance. The micro-regions were spatially independent (I = 0.06; p = 0.25), with Porto Alegre having the highest incidence (4.19 cases / 1000 live births) and Jaguarão the lowest (0.23 cases / 1000 live births). Micro-regions with significant local spatial dependence were observed. The increase in cases of CS highlights poor prenatal quality care. Identification of the micro-regions with the highest incidence is essential to focus public policy on this health problem.

Pregnancy recurrence in adolescents in Southern Brazil

OBJECTIVE To determine the pregnancy recurrence among adolescents and young people in a city located in the extreme south of Brazil and to identify associated factors. METHOD One hundred and twelve (112) women participated, having delivered their children in 2010, while adolescents. The sample was stratified in two stages, being the first a census of the whole population of the city and the second a convenience sample. For statistical analysis, Pearson Chi-square test was used, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The recurrence rate was 53.6%, with an average of 28.6 months. At the time of delivery, in 2010, recurrence was significantly associated with level of education (p=0.044) as well as not being in school (p=0.036). In 2014, the factors associated were level of education (p<0.001), transcript of grades (p=0.030) and income (p=0.030). CONCLUSION Recurrence of teenage pregnancy represents a lack of importance given to formal education, a fact that mitigates the opportunities and hinders insertion in the labor market, creating a cycle of social inequality. Multidisciplinary efforts involving schools, health services and the youth in educational activities are thus vital, aiming at critical thinking to transform reality.