Liu Bao-hua

Self-Organized Criticality Properties of the Turbulence-Induced Particle Flux at the Plasma Edge of the HT-6M Tokamak

The power spectrum and the probability distribution function (PDF) of the turbulence-induced particle flux Γ in the velocity shear layer of the HT-6M edge region have been measured and analysed. Three regions of frequency dependence (f 0, f-1, f-4) have been observed in the spectrum of the flux. The PDF of the flux displays a Γ-1 scaling over one decade in Γ. Using the rescaled-range statistical technique, we find that the degree of the self-similarity (Hurst exponent) of the particle flux in the measured region ranges from 0.64 to 0.83. All of these results may mean that the plasma transport is in a state characterized by self-organized criticality.

Thermal decomposition studies of highly alternating CO2- cyclohexene oxide copolymer

Abstract Highly alternating CO2-cyclohexene oxide copolymer, namely poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC), considered potentially to be microelectronic sacrificial material, was successfully synthesized by copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2 in the presence of SalenAl(OiPr) catalyst. The obtained highly alternating PCHC copolymer were determined and proven to have superior thermal decomposition properties decomposing completely at 350 oC by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis under dynamic conditions. The thermal decomposition kinetics of the obtained PCHC was investigated by a different kinetic method using data from TG analysis. Based on the analytical, kinetic parameters were calculated and kinetic model of pyrolysis was proposed. TG-IR, Py-GC/MS, IR and 1H NMR techniques were applied to investigate the decomposition process. Based on Py-GC/MS and TG-IR techniques, carbon dioxide, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde, cyclohexene oxide, cyclohexanone and trans-1,2- carbonyldioxycyclohexane were identified as thermal decomposition products of PCHC. The solid residues of the PCHC with 25% ether linkages decomposed at 200, 250, 300, 350 oC as determined by IR and 1H NMR. The results demonstrated that the carbonate content of the solid residues decreased gradually at elevated heat-temperatures and at 350 oC only few polyether linkages were observed.

A Signature of Self-Organized Criticality in the HT-6M Edge Plasma Turbulence

Power spectra of electron density and floating potential fluctuations in the velocity shear layer of the HT-6M edge region have been measured and analysed. All the spectra have three distinct frequency regions with the spectral decay indices typical of self-organized criticality systems (0, -1 and -4) when Doppler shift effects induced by the plasma E×B flow velocity have been taken into account. These results are consistent with the predictions of the self-organized criticality models, which may be an indication of edge plasma turbulence in the HT-6M tokamak evolving into a critical state independent of local plasma parameters.

Design and Simulation for the Pulse High-Voltage DC Power Supply (HVPS) of 1.2 MW/2.45 GHz HT-7U Lower Hybrid Current Drive System

The superconducting tokamak HT-7U [1] has been designed by the Institute of Plasma Physics since 1998 and will be set up before 2003. The 1.2 MW/2.45 GHz HT-7U LHCD (Lower hybrid current drive) system which being the most efficient non-induction device can heat the plasma and drive the plasma current has been efficiently in operation now, and a particular design of the 2.8 MW/-35 kV high-voltage DC power supply has been already completed and will apply to the klystron of LHCD on HT-7 and the future HT-7U, and the project of the power supply has been examined and approved professionally by an authorized group of high-level specialist in the Institute of Plasma Physics. The detailed design of the power supply and the simulation results are referred in the paper.

Improved Confinement by Edge Multi-pulse Turbulent Heating on HT-6M Tokamak

In the recent experiment on HT-6M tokamak, an improved ohmic confinement phase has been observed after application of the edge multi-pulse turbulent heating, and variance of plasma current ΔIp/Ip is about 14-20%. The improved edge plasma confinement phase is characterized by (a) increased average electron density e and electron temperature Te; (b) reduced Hα radiation from the edge; (c) steeper density and temperature profiles at the edge; (d) a more negative radial electric field over a region of ~ 5 mm deep inside the limiter; (e) a deeper electrostatic potential well at the edge; (f) reduced magnetic fluctuations at the edge.

Charging System of ECRH High-Voltage Power Supply and its Control System

High-voltage power supply (HVPS) of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) for HT-7 and HT-7U is presently being constructed. The high voltage (100 kV) energy of HVPS is stored in the capacitor banks, and they can power one or two gyrotrons. All the operation of the charging system will be done by the control system, where the field signals are interfaced to programmable logic controller (PLC). The use of PLC not only simplifies the control system, but also enhances the reliability. The software written by using configuration software installed in the master computer allows for remote and multiple operator control, and the status and data information is also remotely available.

Electron Injection by E-Field Drift and its Application in Starting-up Tokamaks at Low Loop Voltage

We propose an innovative method of electron injection by E-field drift into a plasma device and discuss its application in starting-up tokamak plasmas at low loop voltage. The experimental results obtained from HT-6M Tokamak are also presented. The breakdown loop voltage is obviously reduced and the discharge performance is improved by using the electron injection method. It could be applied to some other types of plasma device.

Reynolds Stress and Sheared Poloidal Flow in the Edge Plasma Region of the HT-6M Tokamak

High spatial resolution measurements of the electrostatic Reynolds stress, radial electric field and poloidal phase velocity of fluctuations in the edge region of the HT-6M tokamak are carried out. The Reynolds stress shows a radial gradient in proximity to the poloidal velocity shear. A comparison of the profiles between the Reynolds stress gradient and the poloidal velocity damping reveals some similarity in their magnitude and radial structure. These facts suggest that the turbulence-induced Reynolds stress may play a significant role in generating the poloidal flow in the plasma edge region.

Experimental evidence of the self-similarity and long-range correlations of the edge fluctuations in HT-6M tokamak

For a better understanding of long timescale transport dynamics, the rescaled range analysis techniques, the autocorrelation function (ACF) and the probability distribution function (PDF) are used to investigate long-range dependences in edge plasma fluctuations in an HT-6M tokamak. The results reveal the self-similar characters of the electrostatic fluctuations with self-similarity parameters (Hurst exponent) ranging from 0.64 to 0.79, taking into consideration the r× rotation-sheared effect. Fluctuation ACFs of both the ion saturation current and the floating potential, as well as PDF of the turbulence-induced particle flux, have two distinct timescales. One corresponds to the decorrelation timescale of local fluctuations (µs) and the other lasts to the order of the confinement time (ms). All these experimental results suggest that some of the mechanisms of the underlying turbulence are consistent with plasma transport as characterized by self-organized criticality (SOC).

Logical and Timing Control for Diagnostic Neutral Beam Injection on HT-7

The timing and master control logic (MCL) units are the most important function units of the diagnostic neutral beam (DNB) power supply control system. The units control the operation of nine power supply subsystems of the DNB system, and provide protection for the DNB system from faults such as beam source arc down. Based on the characteristics of the DNB power supply system, the timing and MCL units have been designed, fabricated and tested. Experiments prove that the timing unit is convenient, flexible and reliable, and the MCL is functional.