Liv S. Nilsen

Outlying haymaking lands at S lendet, central Norway: effects of scything and grazing

Solendet Nature Reserve, situated 700-800 m a.s.l., covers 306 ha. Solendet mainly consists of calcareous fens and wooded grasslands that were mown for hay for several centuries; the hay was vital for keeping the livestock through the winter. A vegetational succession commenced as soon as haymaking ceased (c. 1950), the most obvious change being the formation of scrub and a heavy litter layer in the tall fen and swamp communities. Mowing recommenced in the nature reserve in 1974, and the vegetation and landscape is being restored. Permanent plot methods have been applied to follow the effects of scything and cattle grazing on the flora and vegetation, with emphasis on the rich fen vegetation.

Woodland regeneration in a coastal heathland area in central Norway

The open coastal heathlands in Norway have changed character in recent decades, mainly because traditional practices such as burning, cutting and grazing have been abandoned or reduced. In a project aimed at increasing our knowledge of woodland regeneration in oceanic boreal heathlands, an area on the island of Kalvøya in the archipelago of Vikna on the extreme outer coast of central Norway has been studied. Kalvøya has calcareous bedrock; rich heath, rich fens and low-herb woodland cover 20% of the island. Large parts are paludified, and wet heath and mire vegetation cover 60%. The island has not been inhabited, but it was used for summer farming in the latter part of the 19th century and later for stock grazing. The woodland and scrub were mapped using aerial photographs from 1961 and 1981, and by fieldwork in 2001. Vegetation changes were analyzed using GIS techniques. Woodland and scrub increased from 3.0% in 1961, to 4.3% in 1981, to 11.6% in 2001. Betula pubescens is the commonest woody species. The oldest trees are 150 to 175 years old, growing in the most heavily wooded area, far away from the summer farm. In addition to human impact (summer farm, grazing pressure), the geology, terrain (degree of exposure), and climatic factors are important for woodland colonisation and distribution.