Liyana Hazwani Mohd Adnan

The Risk of Accidental Chemical Poisoning Cases among Children (12 Years Old) Admitted to Hospital University Sains Malaysia: 5 YearsReview

Unintentional poisoning has been reported to commonly occur among children. Most of the poisoning cases were attributed to the household chemical products. Hence, a retrospective analysis of medical records of chemical poisoning cases among children ≤ 12 years had been carried out to profile the background, identifying the sources, determining the probability, determining the extent of the severity and the risk of chemical poisoning. Medical records of patients admitted from 2007 to 2011 were reviewed. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The records showed a total of 192 poisoning cases and 41 chemical poisoning cases involving children occurred during five years period. Cases involving males (61%) outnumbered the females (39%). The most vulnerable age group included children in 0-2 years old (68.3%) with the majority being Malays (97.6%). Most of the incidence happened in the evening (1800-2359) hours (46.3%) and in most cases (61%), children were brought to the hospital within their conscious state. Vomiting was the most common symptoms observed (34.1%). All of the patients fully recovered after the treatment. Among the category of sources, cleaning agents (39%) and fuel (31.7%) were the commonest poisoning seen with household bleach and kerosene as the main agents. Chemical poisoning had accounted for 40% from the total of children poisoning cases (103) reported in five years period. High incidences of chemical poisoning cases had been reported in 2009 (0.11). Based on PSS score, the severity of majority of the cases showed minor sign and symptoms (87.8%). This study had determined the risk for chemical poisoning cases among children ≤ 12 years admitted to HUSM within five years period. The overall risk of chemical poisoning was low for each category of sources.

Role of oxidative stress in opiate withdrawal and dependence: Exploring the potential use of honey.

Opiate dependence and withdrawal is a worldwide public health problem and give a significant burden to society. In exploring the problems of opiate dependence and withdrawal, oxidative stress in thought to be involved in the mechanism of the development of dependence and tolerance to morphine. Therefore, there is possibility that antioxidant has the role to reduce the oxidative stress leading to the opiate dependence and withdrawal. In this mini review we describe the evidence of relationship between oxidative stress and opiate dependence. We also describe the evidence of honey which has been claimed to have high antioxidant properties and the promising potential to reduce oxidative stress in opiates dependence and tolerance individuals.

Role of Zamzam water as a vital mineral supplement in the treatment of opioid dependence and tolerance: A Review

Opioid dependency or tolerance is a worldwide problem that affects all societies in terms of health, social and economic welfare. It is a need to explore more alternative treatment to address opiate dependence and tolerance besides our current conventional medication. In exploring the alternative supplement to reduce opiate dependence and tolerance, this article reviews and describes the evidence of a relationship between mineral and opiate dependence and tolerance. We also discuss about the action mechanism of mineral to alleviate opiate dependence and tolerance which are abundantly available in the Holy Zamzam water.

Analgesic effect of honey bioactive compounds and its role in reducing morphine tolerance

Honey has been used as a supplement nutrient in human for centuries. It exerts antibacterial, anticancer, antiinflammatory properties as well as analgesic activity. But not many studies have been done to analyse effect of honey on morphine tolerance. Hence, this review is targeting on analgesic effect of honey bioactive compounds and their potential in morphine tolerance study.