Liza Abdul Latiff

Routing protocols in wireless mobile ad hoc network - a review

This paper presents a review of current routing protocols used in mobile ad hoc network (MANET). Routing is a challenging issue in ad hoc network since nodes are mobile and the topology of the networks is ever changing. Besides, all nodes need to communicate via wireless infrastructure. Routing metrics used such as shortest path, link quality, power conservation and position location (PL) will reduce route discovery time and also message update cost.

Location-based geocasting and forwarding (LGF) routing protocol in mobile ad hoc network

Routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) has been a subject of extensive research over the past several years. The location-based geocasting and forwarding routing protocol (LGF) is based on location information to reduce flooding and routing overhead. Unlike other position-based routing protocols, neighboring nodes in LGF that are in the forwarding zone rebroadcast a route request packet and send a route reply to the source. Other nodes that are beyond this zone do not participate. This algorithm reduces routing overhead, wireless bandwidth used and flooding of packets in the route discovery phase. The paper outlines the implementation of LGF in a real MANET test bed that integrates a GPS-free indoor location tracking mechanism with geocast-enhanced AODV-bis, an enhanced AODV-bis routing protocol which has been developed recently.

Directional Routing Protocol in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Advancement in wireless communication technology and portable computing devices such as wireless handhelds, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) and other mobile information terminals have led to a revolutionary change in our information society towards the era of mobile computing. The ubiquitous access to a variety of digital devices and multimedia tools makes it possible to create, analyze, synthesize and communicate knowledge using a rich variety of media forms. Additionally, the mobile devices are getting smaller, cheaper, more convenient, and more powerful and have contributed to the explosive growth of the mobile computing equipment market. Vast interest and concerted work in developing and enhancing wireless and mobile network protocols are being driven by the ever increasing demand for an anytime and anywhere Internet access.

Simulation of Position-Based Routing Protocol in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network

New routing algorithms are being developed to reduce power consumption, effective utilization of resources and best route to a specific destination, to name a few, in wireless mobile ad hoc network. To simulate the algorithm, interaction between the different layers of the OSI, the link available and furthermore, employing a suitable propagation model in a wireless environment, the use of network simulators do eliminate irrelevant issues pertaining to the actual work which is testing the algorithm. This paper presents the development of the simulation program to test a new routing protocol called quadrant-based directional routing protocol (Q-DIR). Q-DIR uses exact location of nodes based on Cartesian-coordinate system to restrict the broadcast region to only a quadrant where the destination node and source node are located.

Flexible online multi-objective optimization framework for ISA100.11a standard in beacon-enabled CSMA/CA mode

Maintaining high quality of service (QoS) for sensor nodes is important in industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs). Wide range of factors severely affects QoS; however more research is still needed. In this article, a flexible online multi-objective optimization framework (FOMOF) in carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mode is proposed. Nodes are predominantly grouped based on their QoS requirements and then optimized in online mode using a constrained genetic based multi-objective approach. FOMOF to maintain a minimum desired QoS of the pre-determined groups with maximum number of nodes. Furthermore, the packet delivery ratio (PDR) obtained in FOMOF was higher than the one obtained by ISA100.11a standard. Accordingly, the grouping strategy enhanced the number of nodes by 12.5% with End-to-End delay reduction of 16.36% for 27 nodes.

Performance analysis indoor location tracking framework with SIP on IPv6

The development of mobile computing and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) has grown rapidly, nowadays. There are several approaches and practically work has been done on tracking mobile nodes and transmitting multimedia data among the network using wireless technology. Several applications and methods are being used to maintain the accuracy of tracking distance for the mobile nodes and broadcasting multimedia data at the same time. This paper focuses on the performance of indoor location tracking system on IPv6 Network Island with multiple real time applications that has location assisted transfer for mobile users and the variations of the results of developed system on different circumstances in indoor environment. RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) mechanism has been used to locate the moving nodes. The developed location tracking server is having dynamic and centralized MySQL database management system. SIP (Session Initial Protocols) and customized Kphone user agent has been used to deploy the intercommunicating of multimedia data. The experiment has been conducted on different scenarios of an indoor environment with the effect of inter rooms.

Radio propagation and troposphere parameters effect for Microwave links in Sudan

Microwave links have to be designed such that propagation effects do not reduce the quality of the transmitted signals. Measurements and the derived propagation parameters are analysed and discussed. Metrological parameters data(Visibility, Temperature, Relative humidity and Atmospheric Pressure) gotten from the Sudan Meteorological Authority (SMA) are used to calculate the daily averages of refractivity for last years 2014 – 2015. The meteorological data collected were computed to obtain the refractivity, refractivity gradient and earth radius factor. The results of the diurnal variation of refractivity based on assessment of relative humidity, dust cloud, rain fall, temperature and atmospheric pressure made across of covered all region in Sudan, Port Sudan (18° 25′ N, 37° 25′ E), Khartoum (15° 33′ N, 32° 31′E), Dongla (19° 10′ N, 30° 29′ E), ElFashir (13° 28′ N, 25° 21′ E), and Wad Madani (14° 23′ N, 33° 32′ E), is presented in this study. Radio refractivity and attenuation signal strength are inversely related with ranges of 390 and 405 annual in different stations respectively. Results obtained ascertained that each atmospheric parameter has a role to play in refractivity with humidity as the major factor that is having more influence than other factors. The main contribution of this study improve future planning of the radio links in study area.

Crossroads traffic density monitoring and injection mitigation through visual recognition

Monitor and control traffic conditions are important in intelligent transport systems to reduce congestion, especially at intersections. The approach is needed to reduce the negative effects of the congestion at junctions and steps taken to control traffic at the intersection. The project identifies the number of cars through video image detection and thus take into account traffic and road width at each branch junction to resolve congestion by coordinating traffic lights. This project involves with the design, manufacture, and analysis of traffic monitoring system through computer technology and profile intersection. The system notifies the congestion monitored in three stages (empty, medium and many) and the size of the width of the road, road capacity and type of intersection. This study uses Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (IHCM) with Fuzzy algorithm to detect vehicles using surveillance cameras at four traffic lights junctions. The green light is determined by the density of the vehicle and the type of intersection using adobe flash simulated.

Comparison of Fault Diagnosis Approaches in Industrial Wireless Networks: A Review

Wireless sensor networks have received increasing research attention and they can be found in every field of life. The industrial wireless sensor network is one of the boosting and emerging technologies for machine fault diagnosis and monitoring. This study provides a review on vibration fault diagnosis approaches in industrial wireless applications and discusses the causes of machine faults and challenges. Several advanced vibration approaches have been used to quantify machine operating conditions. These approaches provide a fault diagnosis mechanism and expert maintenance solutions through analysis of vibration. The review also shows a broad scope of research for developing a robust fault diagnosis approaches in the field of industrial wireless sensor networks.

Identify and Classify Vibration Signal for Steam Turbine Based on Neural Sleep Fuzzy System

Vibration in a steam turbine-generator is one of the many default problems, similar to thrust, crack and low or high speeds, all of which causes damage to the steam turbine if leaves unprotected . It leads to accidents and damages, when overcome the limit of alarm or danger zones. The protection of steam turbine generators from danger leads to reduced maintenances and augmented stability of power generation. The main proposal of this study is to identify and classify vibrations in alarm and shutdown zones, it is also intended to produce a smooth signal that can be used to adjust control value, which influences the vibration value during the start-up and power generation. We compared the series and parallel-connected Neural Network (N N) that is related to time and error to identify vibration acceleration signals and flow by sleep fuzzy sugeno s ystem, which are designed and simulated in MATLAB. The results showed that parallel-connected NN is superior to its series-connected counterpart with vibration signals, where the Neural-Sleep-Fuzz y system and the NSFS robust system produces zero voltages when it lacks vibrations, more so after receiving ali near signal to influence nonlinear signals of vibration. This study concluded that the Artificial Intelligent (AI) syste m with sleep fuzzy sugeno system can be implementing to classify the fault of optimal vibration signal limitation an d check the suitable treatment for this fault. Also, the analysis of results can conclude that using parallel NN is fast er and more accurate compared to series NN connection.