Lizeng Bian

Biogenesis and binary mineralization of organism and chemism of poly metallic nodules from Pacific Ocean

The biogenic structure and biominerals in the polymetallic nodules reveal their biogenic origin. The experiment of the cation substitution capacity of synthetic 1 nm manganate suggests that chemism participates in the mineralization of the polymetallic nodules. That means the mineralization of the polymetallic nodules is two-component. After discussing the mineralization mechanism, the authors pointed out that the formation of polymetallic modules in deep-sea must meet four prerequisites: oxidative environment, very low sedimentation rate and/or hiatuses, enough nuclei, and suitable for the ultra-microbes-nodule’s builder to live.

ULTRA-MICROBES ARE THE MINEROGENETIC CONSTRUCTORS OF OCEANIC POLYMETALLIC NODULES

Polymetallic nodules (mangnese nodules) are a typical kind of manganese oncdites. The distribution of smooth surface and knobbly mangaree nodules is cloyely related to the geological background of the mine field. A systematic study on their inner laminae structure and features suggests that they are the products of millions of years reproduction and accumulation of the recently foundMiniactimyces chinensis andSpirisophaerospora pucifia.

Features of the type III-like source rock and its generated natural gas

The mother matter of Ordovician source are mainly sapropelic and generate oil in mature stage, since the high plants did not appear in Ordovician period, which is well known by internal and external scholars. Now we find a kind of Orodovician source rock generating mainly light oil and gas in mature stage during appraising source rocks in the Tarim Basin. The organic matters of this source rock are chiefly constructed by benthic brown algae in organisms (showing as macro algae), and are similar to humic source in hydrocarbon generation. The natural gas generated by this kind of source matters is obviously different from the sapropelic gas.