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Dive into the research topics where Lorenzo Cappietti is active.

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Featured researches published by Lorenzo Cappietti.


Journal of Geophysical Research | 2014

On salt marshes retreat: Experiments and modeling toppling failures induced by wind waves

M. Bendoni; Simona Francalanci; Lorenzo Cappietti; Luca Solari

Salt marshes are delicate ecosystems which are disappearing in many areas of the world, mainly due to increasing rates of sea level rise, subsidence, and anthropic pressure. The lateral erosion of the edge of salt marshes is one of the most important processes in determining changes in morphology, and wind waves have a key role in this retreat. Lateral retreat occurs by means of several types of mass failure processes, typically cantilever, sliding, and toppling. In the literature, no mechanistic models for the description of toppling failure are available. In this study, we performed a set of experiments to quantify the pressure field and the hydrodynamic forcing induced by wind waves during toppling failures of unstable blocks on a salt marsh edge. We propose a model interpreting toppling failure based on the experimental evidence as well as on the physics of the system. We model the system as a dynamic rigid block of cohesive soil, identified by the presence of a tension crack, subjected to hydrodynamic forces caused by impact of waves and resistive forces due to the blocks weight and soil cohesion. The failure of the blocks occurs when the soil tensile strength is exceeded along the failure surface located at the base of the block. The model is able to reproduce failure processes observed in the laboratory. Moreover, the model reveals that the most critical conditions for marsh bank instability due to toppling failure are associated to the presence of water inside the tension crack and low water levels in front of the bank.


ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering | 2015

Numerical Modelling of Fixed Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Conversion Devices: Toward Geometry Hydraulic Optimization

Irene Simonetti; Lorenzo Cappietti; Hisham El Safti; Hocine Oumeraci

The Oscillating Water Column (OWC) is one of the simplest and most studied concepts for wave energy conversion. The commercial scale diffusion of the OWC technology is, however, strongly dependent upon the device optimization. Research at a fundamental level is therefore still required. Analytical, numerical and experimental models are necessary tools for advancing in the knowledge of the system and thus promoting its passage at the commercial level. In this work, a simplified frequency domain rigid piston model has been applied to preliminary select expected ranges of air pressures and air velocities for the instrumental set up of laboratory experiments. The set up of a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model implemented in the open source OpenFOAM®1 environment is then presented. The multiphase model solves incompressible 3D Navier-Stokes equations, using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for turbulence modelling, and adopts a Volume of Fluid method (VOF) to track the air-water interface. A preliminary validation of the model with physical tests data is conducted. The numerical approach seems to be promising for an accurate simulation of the OWC device energy conversion process. Hence, the validated model can be a useful research tool for different problems, particularly for systematic parameter studies to extend the range of conditions tested in the laboratory.Copyright


Journal of Costal Research | 2016

Storm-Driven Hydrodynamic and Sedimentological Impacts to an Engineered Coast

Jean T. Ellis; Lorenzo Cappietti

ABSTRACT Ellis, J.T. and Cappietti, L., 2013. Storm-driven hydrodynamic and sedimentological impacts to an engineered coast. We replicated a breakwater, seawall, and artificial gravel beach from Marina di Pisa, Italy in a 1:40 scale-model. The model was tested in a wave-current flume that is 50 m long, 0.8 meters wide and high, and located at the University of Florence. The gravel beach, berm, and breakwater models were constructed based upon in situ beach surveys. The laboratory quartz boulder beach and breakwater D50 approximated 3.0 mm and 3.6 cm, respectively. The laboratory hydrodynamics aimed to simulate a portion of storm measured at a local wave buoy during an event in October 2003 that lasted 54 hours. Ten wave runs were conducted with durations ranging from 9.5 - 43 min with programmed peak wave periods of 1.4 - 2.1 s and significant wave heights of 9.6 - 17.5 cm. Seven wave gauges were distributed along the wave flume, two adjacent to wave maker, three just offshore the breakwater, and two just onshore of the breakwater. The clear glass side of the flume was delineated to capture millimeter scale changes of beach and berm morphology. Wave transmission (Kt) values calculated using field-based measurements ranged from 0.33–0.52, suggesting that between 11–27% of the offshore energy is transmitted through the breakwater. In the laboratory simulation of the storm, the modeled Kt values under-predicted measured Kt values by 1–16% and the berm migrated onshore to the upper shoreface and flattened the overall beach profile.


Journal of Coastal Research | 2013

Wave Transmission and Water Setup Behind an Emergent Rubble-Mound Breakwater

Lorenzo Cappietti; Douglas J. Sherman; Jean T. Ellis

ABSTRACT Cappietti, L.; Sherman, D.J., and Ellis, J.T., 2013. Wave transmission and water setup behind an emergent rubblemound breakwater. Wave transmission and water setup landward of emergent detached breakwaters play a major role in altering nearshore hydrodynamics, circulation, and morphodynamics and influencing the safety of recreational bathers. These phenomena have been extensively studied by means of small-scale laboratory experiments and numerical simulation, but field measurements have been extremely limited. In this work, wave transmission and setup were measured landward of a detached, emergent rubble-mound breakwater at Marina di Pisa, Italy. Water-surface elevations were measured with pressure transducers onshore and offshore of the breakwater. Measurements were made for 14 hours during a storm with significant wave heights up to 3.5 m and mean periods of 8.5 s. In the present work, the data were used to quantify and develop statistical relationships describing wave transmission and water setup and to evaluate the performance of empirical models of transmission and setup for emergent breakwaters. We found that the incident wave height explained (statistically) 94% of the variability in wave transmission and 96% of the variability in setup for the Marina di Pisa breakwater. There was a 99% coefficient of determination when explaining variation in setup using incident wave height and transmissivity. Of the empirical models we tested, those that best predicted observed wave transmission landward of the breakwater had root mean square (RMS) errors of 33%. The best available models to predict observed setup had RMS errors of 66%.


ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering | 2013

Wave Energy Estimation in Four Italian Nearshore Areas

Valentina Vannucchi; Lorenzo Cappietti

In this work, a set of analyses concerning the deep water wave power of the whole Mediterranean Sea has been carried out. These analyses cover the period from July 2009 to March 2012. Processes affecting waves as they propagate towards the coasts can modify the wave power, leading to reductions or, sometime, local enhancements due to focusing mechanisms. To quantify these processes, and thus to select the most energetic locations, numerical simulations were used to propagate the offshore time series into four selected near-shore areas. Monthly and yearly mean wave power maps are presented. Moreover some hot-spots, located at water depths in the range of 50 m to 15 m, are highlighted.Copyright


Journal of Coastal Research | 2017

Development of Shore Platforms along the NW Coast of Italy: The Role of Wind Waves

Marta Pappalardo; Lorenzo Cappietti; Isabel Arozarena Llopis; Alessandro Chelli; Letizia De Fabritiis

ABSTRACT Pappalardo, M.; Cappietti, L.; Arozarena Llopis, I.; Chelli, A., and De Fabritiis, L., 2017. Development of shore platforms along the NW coast of Italy: The role of wind waves. This paper investigates whether waves are active morphologic agents capable of shaping the small shore platforms that characterize the rocky coast of NW Italy. Two study areas have been selected along this coastal tract: Calafuria (Livorno) and Lerici-Tellaro (La Spezia), located ca. 120 km apart, the first being shaped in sandstone and the second in dolomite bedrock. Propagation of waves in the nearshore has been simulated by numerical modeling. From wave model results, validated with data from an offshore wave meter buoy, it is inferred that waves break directly on the coast or very close to it at Calafuria, whereas for Lerici-Tellaro shores, waves mostly break up to 150 m seaward of the shore platform. This implies that the amount of energy delivered on the platform is much greater in the first case than in the second case. Given breaking depths and the height of breakers, maximum pressure and shear stress released at the breaking point were calculated for both areas. The results showed that wave forces released onto the shore platforms both at Calafuria and at Lerici-Tellaro never exceeded the compressive strength of the platform rocks, assessed using the Schmidt hammer test. It is concluded that, in the study area and with the present oceanographic conditions, wave forces are not directly capable of causing erosion on shore platforms.


Fifth International Conference on Coastal Dynamics | 2006

LATTICE BOLTZMANN NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF WAVE- CURRENT INTERACTION WITHIN THE BOUNDARY LAYER

Lorenzo Cappietti

Abstract : In this work, numerical simulations of the oscillatory boundary layer induced by an oscillatory-ripple-covered bed in a fluid otherwise at rest and in the presence of superim posed weak currents are presented. The simulations are performed using a rather new promising numerical technique named the Lattice Boltzmann Method and a brief description of the method is given. The dynamics of coherent structures in the boundary layer are presented. The results show a cycling repetition of jet of vortices from the boundary. Their interaction lead to a momentum transportation at a distance from the boundary that decreases for increasin g value of the tested superimposed currents. For the lowest values of the superimposed currents, time-averaged velocity fields as well as time-space-averaged velocity profiles show the formation of a streak of fluid, close to the ripple crest level where the velocity is against the current. INTRODUCTION The presence of currents in coastal zones is a rule rather than an exception, so a better knowledge of the wave-current boundary layer provides an additional means through which the mechanism of sediment transport can be modeled. In natural environments, the wave-current interaction can take place over a flat rough bottom, like in the sheet flow condition, or over a ripple- covered bed. The dynamics of c oherent structures at the boundary and their effects on sediment entrainment and suspension is still poorly studied. Concerning the wave-current boundary layer under sheet flow conditions, laboratory experiments were conducted in a large oscillating water tunnel equipped with a recirculation system. Ribberink et al. (1994) , Janssen and Ribberink (1996) and Janssen


XXXV Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche | 2016

Atti del 35º Convegno nazionale di idraulica e costruzioni idrauliche. Ambiente, risorse, energia: le sfide dell'ingegneria delle acque in un mondo che cambia

D. Pelli; Lorenzo Cappietti

PIETRO; Passadore, Giulia; Garbin, Silvia; B., Matticchio; F., Visentin; I., Brunet; R., Lago; F., Facco; Botter, Gianluca; Carniello, Luca. ELETTRONICO. (2016), pp. 1119-1122. ((Intervento presentato al convegno Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche tenutosi a Bologna nel Settembre 2016. Original Citation: Un sistema modellistico integrato per la previsione in tempo reale delle piene del Muson dei Sassi (Pd)La XXXV edizione del Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche (IDRA16), co-organizzata dal Gruppo Italiano di Idraulica (GII) e dal Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale, e dei Materiali (DICAM) dell’Alma Mater Studiorum - Universita di Bologna, si e svolta a Bologna dal 14 al 16 settembre 2016. Il Convegno Nazionale e tornato pertanto ad affacciarsi all’ombra del “Nettuno”, dopo l’edizione del 1982 (XVIII edizione). Il titolo della XXXV edizione, “Ambiente, Risorse, Energia: le sfide dell’Ingegneria delle acque in un mondo che cambia”, sottolinea l’importanza e la complessita delle tematiche che rivestono la sfera dello studio e del governo delle risorse idriche. Le sempre piu profonde interconnessioni tra risorse idriche, sviluppo economico e benessere sociale, infatti, spronano sia l’Accademia che l’intera comunita tecnico-scientifica nazionale ed internazionale all’identificazione ed alla messa in atto di strategie di gestione innovative ed ottimali: sfide percepite quanto mai necessarie in un contesto ambientale in continua evoluzione, come quello in cui viviamo. La XXXV edizione del Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, pertanto, si e posta come punto d’incontro della comunita tecnico-scientifica italiana per la discussione a tutto tondo di tali problematiche, offrendo un programma scientifico particolarmente ricco e articolato, che ha coperto tutti gli ambiti riconducibili all’Ingegneria delle Acque. L’apertura dei lavori del Convegno si e svolta nella storica cornice della Chiesa di Santa Cristina, uno dei luoghi piu caratteristici e belli della citta ed oggi luogo privilegiato per l’ascolto della musica classica, mentre le attivita di presentazione e discussione scientifica si sono svolte principalmente presso la sede della Scuola di Ingegneria e Architettura dell’Universita di Bologna sita in Via Terracini. Il presente volume digitale ad accesso libero (licenza Creative Commons 4.0) raccoglie le memorie brevi pervenute al Comitato Scientifico di IDRA16 ed accettate per la presentazione al convegno a valle di un processo di revisione tra pari. Il volume articola dette memorie in sette macro-tematiche, che costituiscono i capitoli del volume stesso: I. meccanica dei fluidi; II. ambiente marittimo e costiero; III. criteri, metodi e modelli per l’analisi dei processi idrologici e la gestione delle acque; IV. gestione e tutela dei corpi idrici e degli ecosistemi; V. valutazione e mitigazione del rischio idrologico e idraulico; VI. dinamiche acqua-societa: sviluppo sostenibile e gestione del territorio; VII. monitoraggio, open-data e software libero. Ciascuna macro-tematica raggruppa piu sessioni specialistiche autonome sviluppatesi in parallelo durante le giornate del Convegno, i cui titoli vengono richiamati all’interno del presente volume. La vastita e la diversita delle tematiche affrontate, che ben rappresentano la complessita delle numerose sfide dell’Ingegneria delle Acque, appaiono evidenti dalla consultazione dell’insieme di memorie brevi presentate. La convinta partecipazione della Comunita Scientifica Italiana e dimostrata dalle oltre 350 memorie brevi, distribuite in maniera pressoche uniforme tra le sette macro-tematiche di riferimento. Dette memorie sono sommari estesi di lunghezza variabile redatti in lingua italiana, o inglese. In particolare, la possibilita di stesura in inglese e stata concessa con l’auspicio di portare la visibilita del lavoro presentato ad un livello sovranazionale, grazie alla pubblicazione open access del volume degli Atti del Convegno. Il volume si divide in tre parti: la parte iniziale e dedicata alla presentazione del volume ed all’indice generale dei contributi divisi per macro-tematiche; la parte centrale raccoglie le memorie brevi; la terza parte riporta l’indice analitico degli Autori, che chiude il volume.


XXXV Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche | 2016

Studio sperimentale sull'efficienza di convertitori di energia ondosa del tipo a colonna d'acqua oscillante

Ilaria Crema; Lorenzo Cappietti

PIETRO; Passadore, Giulia; Garbin, Silvia; B., Matticchio; F., Visentin; I., Brunet; R., Lago; F., Facco; Botter, Gianluca; Carniello, Luca. ELETTRONICO. (2016), pp. 1119-1122. ((Intervento presentato al convegno Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche tenutosi a Bologna nel Settembre 2016. Original Citation: Un sistema modellistico integrato per la previsione in tempo reale delle piene del Muson dei Sassi (Pd)La XXXV edizione del Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche (IDRA16), co-organizzata dal Gruppo Italiano di Idraulica (GII) e dal Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale, e dei Materiali (DICAM) dell’Alma Mater Studiorum - Universita di Bologna, si e svolta a Bologna dal 14 al 16 settembre 2016. Il Convegno Nazionale e tornato pertanto ad affacciarsi all’ombra del “Nettuno”, dopo l’edizione del 1982 (XVIII edizione). Il titolo della XXXV edizione, “Ambiente, Risorse, Energia: le sfide dell’Ingegneria delle acque in un mondo che cambia”, sottolinea l’importanza e la complessita delle tematiche che rivestono la sfera dello studio e del governo delle risorse idriche. Le sempre piu profonde interconnessioni tra risorse idriche, sviluppo economico e benessere sociale, infatti, spronano sia l’Accademia che l’intera comunita tecnico-scientifica nazionale ed internazionale all’identificazione ed alla messa in atto di strategie di gestione innovative ed ottimali: sfide percepite quanto mai necessarie in un contesto ambientale in continua evoluzione, come quello in cui viviamo. La XXXV edizione del Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, pertanto, si e posta come punto d’incontro della comunita tecnico-scientifica italiana per la discussione a tutto tondo di tali problematiche, offrendo un programma scientifico particolarmente ricco e articolato, che ha coperto tutti gli ambiti riconducibili all’Ingegneria delle Acque. L’apertura dei lavori del Convegno si e svolta nella storica cornice della Chiesa di Santa Cristina, uno dei luoghi piu caratteristici e belli della citta ed oggi luogo privilegiato per l’ascolto della musica classica, mentre le attivita di presentazione e discussione scientifica si sono svolte principalmente presso la sede della Scuola di Ingegneria e Architettura dell’Universita di Bologna sita in Via Terracini. Il presente volume digitale ad accesso libero (licenza Creative Commons 4.0) raccoglie le memorie brevi pervenute al Comitato Scientifico di IDRA16 ed accettate per la presentazione al convegno a valle di un processo di revisione tra pari. Il volume articola dette memorie in sette macro-tematiche, che costituiscono i capitoli del volume stesso: I. meccanica dei fluidi; II. ambiente marittimo e costiero; III. criteri, metodi e modelli per l’analisi dei processi idrologici e la gestione delle acque; IV. gestione e tutela dei corpi idrici e degli ecosistemi; V. valutazione e mitigazione del rischio idrologico e idraulico; VI. dinamiche acqua-societa: sviluppo sostenibile e gestione del territorio; VII. monitoraggio, open-data e software libero. Ciascuna macro-tematica raggruppa piu sessioni specialistiche autonome sviluppatesi in parallelo durante le giornate del Convegno, i cui titoli vengono richiamati all’interno del presente volume. La vastita e la diversita delle tematiche affrontate, che ben rappresentano la complessita delle numerose sfide dell’Ingegneria delle Acque, appaiono evidenti dalla consultazione dell’insieme di memorie brevi presentate. La convinta partecipazione della Comunita Scientifica Italiana e dimostrata dalle oltre 350 memorie brevi, distribuite in maniera pressoche uniforme tra le sette macro-tematiche di riferimento. Dette memorie sono sommari estesi di lunghezza variabile redatti in lingua italiana, o inglese. In particolare, la possibilita di stesura in inglese e stata concessa con l’auspicio di portare la visibilita del lavoro presentato ad un livello sovranazionale, grazie alla pubblicazione open access del volume degli Atti del Convegno. Il volume si divide in tre parti: la parte iniziale e dedicata alla presentazione del volume ed all’indice generale dei contributi divisi per macro-tematiche; la parte centrale raccoglie le memorie brevi; la terza parte riporta l’indice analitico degli Autori, che chiude il volume.


Archive | 2005

REHABILITATION OF HIGHLY PROTECTED BEACHES BY USING ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY STRUCTURES

Lorenzo Cappietti; Pier Luigi Aminti

In the last few years, environmental impact has been one of the most discussed topics in Coastal Engineering. Actually, conferences on subjects like “soft shore protection” or “environment friendly-structures” have been held all over the world. However, there is still not a general agreement on what environment-friendly means for a coastal protection structure. In this work we try to give a better clarification of this subject by showing some relatively new coastal protection structures that can be considered environment-friendly. Results from laboratory experiments, numerical simulations and field experiments are reported. Concerning Low-Crested Structures (LCSs), laboratory experiments on the piling-up phenomenon are presented. Numerical simulations of flow field around a submerged groin and the morphodynamics measured by field monitoring are discussed. Finally, two case studies of gravel nourishment and their effectiveness are described.

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Hocine Oumeraci

Braunschweig University of Technology

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Luca Solari

University of Florence

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M. Bendoni

University of Florence

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Hisham Elsafti

Braunschweig University of Technology

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Jean T. Ellis

University of South Carolina

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