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Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological | 1980

Toxicity of textile mill effluents to freshwater and estuarine algae, crustaceans and fishes☆

Gerald E. Walsh; Lowell H. Bahner; William B. Horning

Abstract The toxicity of secondary waste effluents from textile manufacturing plants was determined with freshwater (Selenastrum capricornutum, Daphnia pulex, Pimephales promelus) and estuarine Skeletonema costatum2, Palaemonetes pugio, Cyprinodon variegatus) organisms. Daphnia pulex was generally the most sensitive animal, but no animal responded to all wastes. Growth of the algae S. capricornutum and S. costatum was affected by all wastes, through either inhibition or stimulation. Some wastes were stimulatory to S. costatum at low concentrations ( 50%). The concentration of waste that stimulated growth of S. costatum by 20% compared with controls (SC 20 ) was calculated and used with EC 50 values for the survival of D. pulex to estimate the potential impact of the wastes in relation to volume of discharge.


Chesapeake Science | 1977

Kepone® bioconcentration, accumulation, loss, and transfer through estuarine food chains

Lowell H. Bahner; Alfred J. Wilson; James M. Sheppard; James M. Patrick; Larry R. Goodman; Gerald E. Walsh

Accumulation, transfer, and loss of Kepone in estuarine organisms were studied in laboratory bioassays. Kepone was bioconcentrated by oysters (Crassostrea virginica), mysids (Mysidopsis bahia), grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus), and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), from concentrations as low as 0.023 μg/l seawater. Bioconcentration factors ranged from 10 to 340 in static exposures and 900 to 13,500 in flow-through bioassays, and were dependent on species and exposure duration.


ASTM special technical publications | 1977

Mysidopsis bahia : An Estuarine Species Suitable for Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests to Determine the Effects of a Pollutant

Nimmo; Lowell H. Bahner; Ra Rigby; James M. Sheppard; Alfred J. Wilson

This study documents the successful use of a mysid, Mysidopsis bahia, for life-cycle toxicity tests. These tests were conducted to determine acute and chronic toxicities of metal (cadmium) and pesticide (Kepone). Delay inthe formation of mysid brood pouches and release of young were noted in low concentrations ≤6.4 μg cadmium/litre. Fewer young produced per female and decreased growth were other indicators of effects of Kepone.


Estuarine Processes#R##N#Uses, Stresses, and Adaptation to the Estuary | 1976

METALS, PESTICIDES AND PCBs: TOXICITIES TO SHRIMP SINGLY AND IN COMBINATION

Del Wayne R. Nimmo; Lowell H. Bahner

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess potential deleterious effects of certain toxicants, singly and in combination, to penaeid shrimp. In nature, these shrimp are exposed to combinations of toxicants from industrial and municipal outfalls, from agricultural runoff or from dredge-and-fill operations. The combined toxicities of methoxychlor and cadmium to penaeid shrimp, Penaeus duorarum, were either independent or additive, and varied with the method(s) of bioassay. Conclusions were based on the results of 10-, 25- and 30-day bioassays conducted with the toxicants added singly or in combination to flowing water of constant salinity and temperature. Cadmium, but not methoxychlor, was accumulated by shrimp and methoxychlor appears to influence the processes of accumulation or loss of cadmium from tissues of shrimp.


Transactions of The American Fisheries Society | 1975

A Salinity Controller for Flow-through Bioassays

Lowell H. Bahner; Delwayne R. Nimmo

Abstract An electro-mechanical device has been constructed to monitor and dilute seawater to a constant salinity for flowing-water bioassays. It has been used successfully in pesticide bioassays and requires little maintenance.


Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants | 1977

Effects of Cadmium on the Shrimps, Penaeus duorarum, Palaemonetes pugio and Palaemonetes vulgaris

Del Wayne R. Nimmo; Donald V. Lightner; Lowell H. Bahner


Science | 1976

Kepone: Hazard to Aquatic Organisms

David J. Hansen; Alfred J. Wilson; Del Wayne R. Nimmo; Steven C. Schimmel; Lowell H. Bahner; Robert Huggett


The Progressive Fish-culturist | 1975

A Saltwater Flow-Through Bioassay Method with Controlled Temperature and Salinity

Lowell H. Bahner; C. D. Craft; Delwayne R. Nimmo


The Progressive Fish-culturist | 1976

Precision Live-Feeder for Flow-Through Larval Culture or Food Chain Bioassays

Lowell H. Bahner; Wayne R. Del Nimmo


Chesapeake Science | 1977

Kepone registered Bioconcentration, Accumulation, Loss, and Transfer Through Estuarine Food Chains

Lowell H. Bahner; Alfred J. Wilson; James M. Sheppard; James M. Patrick; Larry R. Goodman; Gerald E. Walsh

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Alfred J. Wilson

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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Del Wayne R. Nimmo

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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Gerald E. Walsh

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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James M. Sheppard

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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James M. Patrick

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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Larry R. Goodman

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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Delwayne R. Nimmo

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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C. D. Craft

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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David J. Hansen

United States Environmental Protection Agency

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