Lu Lv

Design of Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multicast Cognitive Multiple Access for 5G Systems: User Scheduling and Performance Analysis

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is emerging as a promising, yet challenging, multiple access technology to improve spectrum utilization for the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. In this paper, the application of NOMA to multicast cognitive radio networks (termed as MCR-NOMA) is investigated. A dynamic cooperative MCR-NOMA scheme is proposed, where the multicast secondary users serve as relays to improve the performance of both primary and secondary networks. Based on the available channel state information (CSI), three different secondary user scheduling strategies for the cooperative MCR-NOMA scheme are presented. To evaluate the system performance, we derive the closed-form expressions of the outage probability and diversity order for both networks. Furthermore, we introduce a new metric, referred to as mutual outage probability to characterize the cooperation benefit compared to non-cooperative MCR-NOMA scheme. Simulation results demonstrate significant performance gains are obtained for both networks, thanks to the use of our proposed cooperative MCR-NOMA scheme. It is also demonstrated that higher spatial diversity order can be achieved by opportunistically utilizing the CSI available for the secondary user scheduling.

Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Cognitive Radio

This letter studies the application of non-orthogonal multiple access to a downlink cognitive radio (termed CR-NOMA) system. A new cooperative transmission scheme is proposed aimed at exploiting the inherent spatial diversity offered by the CR-NOMA system. The closed-form analytical results are developed to show that the cooperative transmission scheme gives better performance when more secondary users participate in relaying, which helps achieve the maximum diversity order at secondary user and a diversity order of two at primary user. The simulations are performed to validate the performance of the proposed scheme and the accuracy of the analytical results.

Energy efficient relay selection and power allocation for cooperative cognitive radio networks

Owing to environmental, financial and quality of service (QoS) considerations, energy efficient wireless communications have been paid increasing attention under the background of limited energy resource. This study considers a spectrum sharing cognitive radio network, where the primary system leases its radio spectrum to the secondary system for a fraction of time in exchange for secondary users served as relays to assist the transmission of the primary traffic. Based on the cooperative spectrum leasing protocol, the authors formulate a joint optimisation of relay selection and power allocation under QoS requirements to improve energy efficiency (EE). By employing a greedy spectrum sharing (GSS) algorithm, the optimal relay selection, power and sharing time allocation are readily obtained. Monte–Carlo simulations are performed to demonstrate that significant EE improvement is achieved by the proposed GSS algorithm, and that the network performance is enhanced.

Application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Cooperative Spectrum-Sharing Networks Over Nakagami-

This paper proposes a novel non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based cooperative transmission scheme for a spectrum-sharing cognitive radio network (CRN), whereby a secondary transmitter (ST) serves as a relay and helps transmit the primary and secondary messages simultaneously by employing NOMA signaling. This cooperation is particularly useful when the ST has good channel conditions to a primary receiver but lacks the radio spectrum. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, the outage probability and system throughput for the primary and secondary networks are derived in closed forms. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance gains for both networks thanks to the use of the proposed NOMA-based cooperative transmission scheme. It is also revealed that NOMA outperforms conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and achieves better spectrum utilization.

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The inherent broadcast characteristics of wireless medium make wireless data transmission difficult to be shielded from unintended recipients. As such, secure communication over wireless channels becomes a critical issue in the design of wireless networks. In this study, the authors study cooperative jamming and power optimisation in untrusted relay networks to improve physical layer security. By exploiting the direct link, a source-based jamming (SBJ) scheme is proposed to hinder the untrusted relay from intercepting the confidential message. Considering the total power budget, a power allocation strategy is also proposed to optimally determine the power of source and untrusted relay as well as the power of information and jamming signals. Furthermore, to evaluate the secrecy performance of the proposed SBJ scheme with the power allocation strategy, tight lower bound of ergodic secrecy capacity and asymptotic secrecy outage probability are derived in closed form. Simulation verifies the advantages of the proposed SBJ scheme and the power allocation strategy.

Fading Channels

Two emerging technologies toward 5G wireless networks, namely non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and cognitive radio (CR), will provide more efficient utilization of wireless spectrum in the future. In this article, we investigate the integration of NOMA with CR into a holistic system, namely a cognitive NOMA network, for more intelligent spectrum sharing. Design principles of cognitive NOMA networks are perfectly aligned to functionality requirements of 5G wireless networks, such as high spectrum efficiency, massive connectivity, low latency, and better fairness. Three different cognitive NOMA architectures are presented, including underlay NOMA networks, overlay NOMA networks, and CR-inspired NOMA networks. To address inter-network and intra-network interference, which largely degrade the performance of cognitive NOMA networks, cooperative relaying strategies are proposed. For each cognitive NOMA architecture, our proposed cooperative relaying strategy shows its potential to significantly lower outage probabilities. We discuss open challenges and future research directions on implementation of cognitive NOMA networks.

Improving physical-layer security in untrusted relay networks: cooperative jamming and power allocation

Recently, there has been a surge of increased interest in using physical layer security to safeguard the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks. In this paper, we study the problem of secure communications in untrusted relay networks. A new nonorthogonal relaying protocol is proposed, aiming at maximizing the secrecy rate. Specifically, we allow the source and relay to transmit signals simultaneously over non-orthogonal channels, and apply successive interference cancellation at the destination to separate the multiplexed signals. We also propose two transmit antenna selection schemes to further improve security. To evaluate the secrecy performance, closed-form expressions for ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) and ESR scaling law are derived. The results show that the proposed non-orthogonal relaying protocol yields a considerable ESR improvement than conventional orthogonal relaying, despite the presence of co-channel interference. It is also revealed that the ESR scales with the average signal-to-noise ratio γ and the number of available transmit antennas Nt according to log (√γ log Nt), thus achieving superior secrecy performance in the untrusted relay networks.