Lu Qinggang

Experimental study on coal multi-generation in dual fluidized beds

An atmospheric test system of dual fluidized beds for coal multi-generation was built. One bubbling fluidized bed is for gasification and a circulating fluidized bed for combustion. The two beds are combined with two valves: one valve to send high temperature ash from combustion bed to the gasification bed and another valve to send char and ash from gasification bed to combustion bed. Experiments on Shenhua coal multi-generation were made at temperatures from 1112 K to 1191 K in the dual fluidized beds. The temperatures of the combustor are stable and the char combustion efficiency is about 98%. Increasing air/coal ratio to the fluidized bed leads to the increase of temperature and gasification efficiency. The maximum gasification efficiency is 36.7% and the calorific value of fuel gas is 10.7 MJ/Nm3. The tar yield in this work is 1.5%, much lower than that of pyrolysis. Carbon conversion efficiency to fuel gas and flue gas is about 90%.

Agglomeration characteristics of river sand and wheat stalk ash mixture at high temperatures

The agglomeration characteristics of river sand and wheat stalk ash mixture at various temperatures are investigated using a muffle furnace. The surface structural changes, as well as the elemental makeup of the surface and cross-section of the agglomerates, are analyzed by polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Multi-phase equilibrium calculation is performed with FactSage in identifying the melting behavior of the river sand-wheat stalk ash mixture at high temperatures. No indication of agglomeration is detected below 850°C. At a temperature of 900–1000°C, however, obvious agglomeration is observed and the agglomerates solidify further as temperature increases. The presence of potassium and calcium enrichment causes the formation of a sticky sand surface that induces agglomeration. The main component of the agglomerate surface is K2O-CaO-SiO2, which melts at low temperatures. The formation of molten silicates causes particle cohesion. The main ingredient of the binding phase in the cross-section is K2O-SiO2-Na2O-Al2O3-CaO; the agglomeration is not the result of the melting behavior of wheat stalk ash itself but the comprehensive results of chemical reaction and the melting behavior at high temperatures. The multi-phase equilibrium calculations agree well with the experimental results.

Combustion Model For Staged Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

A mathematical model for atmospheric staged circulating fluidized bed combustion, which takes fluid dynamics, combustion, heat transfer, pollutants formation and retention, into account was developed in the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics (IET) recently. The model of gas solid flow at the bottom of the combustor was treated by the two-phase theory of fluidized bed and in the upper region as a core-annulus flow structure. The chemical species CO, CO2, H2, H2O, CH4, O2 and N2 were considered in the reaction process. The mathematical model consisted of sub-models of fluid namics, coal heterogeneous and gas homogeneous chemical reactions, heat transfer, particle fragmentation and attrition, mass and energy balance etc. The developed code was applied to simulate an operating staged circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler of early design and the results were in good agreement with the operating data. The main submodels and simulation results are given in this paper.

An experimental study of air-solid two-phase flow in a 90° bend using LDV system

The measurements of the mean streamwise and radial velocities, the associated turbulence and the relative particle densities were made in an air-solid two-phase flow in a square sectioned (30mm×30mm) 90° vertical to horizontal bend using laser Doppler velocimetry. The radius ratio of the bend was 2.0. Glass beads of 100µm in diameter were employed to form the solid phase. The measurements of air and solid phases were performed separately at the same bulk velocity 19.34m/s, corresponding to a Reynolds number of 3.87×104. The mass ratio of solid to air was 1.6%. The results indicate that the particle trajectories are very close to straight lines. The streamwise velocity profiles for the gas and the solids cross over near the outer wall with the solids having the higher speed. At θ=30° and 45°, particle-wall collisions happen mostly in the region from θ=30° to θ=75°, and cause a sudden change in solid velocity. The particles tend to move towards the outer wall in 90° bend. The particle concentration near the outer wall is much higher than that near the inner wall in the bend, and there are few particles in the inside of the bend. The bend leads to apparent phase separation: at θ=45°, the solids concentrate in the half of the duct near the outer wall. After θ=60° the second peak concentration appears, and goes gradually towards the inner wall.The measurements of the mean streamwise and radial velocities, the associated turbulence and the relative particle densities were made in an air-solid two-phase flow in a square sectioned (30mm×30mm) 90° vertical to horizontal bend using laser Doppler velocimetry. The radius ratio of the bend was 2.0. Glass beads of 100µm in diameter were employed to form the solid phase. The measurements of air and solid phases were performed separately at the same bulk velocity 19.34m/s, corresponding to a Reynolds number of 3.87×104. The mass ratio of solid to air was 1.6%. The results indicate that the particle trajectories are very close to straight lines. The streamwise velocity profiles for the gas and the solids cross over near the outer wall with the solids having the higher speed. At θ=30° and 45°, particle-wall collisions happen mostly in the region from θ=30° to θ=75°, and cause a sudden change in solid velocity. The particles tend to move towards the outer wall in 90° bend. The particle concentration near the outer wall is much higher than that near the inner wall in the bend, and there are few particles in the inside of the bend. The bend leads to apparent phase separation: at θ=45°, the solids concentrate in the half of the duct near the outer wall. After θ=60° the second peak concentration appears, and goes gradually towards the inner wall.