Luciano F. Fernandes

Diatomáceas (Bacillariophyta) marinhas e estuarinas do Paraná, Sul do Brasil: lista de espécies com ênfase em espécies nocivas

Abstract Procopiak, L.K., Fernandes, L.F. and Moreira Filho, H. Marine and estuarine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Parana,southern Brazil: check-list with emphasis on harmful species . Biota Neotrop . Sep/Dec 2006 vol. 6, no. 3 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v6n3/pt/abstract?inventory+bn02306032006 ISSN 1676-0603The species check-lists are important to know the local biodiversity. If they are harmful and/or exotic they can causeenvironmental damages. The portuary regions’ aquatic biota survey is valuable to inform which are the high risk species inthe water (exotic or harmful species). The species can be caught when the ships are anchored in Parana harbors during theballast taken. After that, these species can be transferred to the next harbor where it will be discharged, so it starts thebiological invasion. In this article the marine and estuarine diatoms of Parana have been listed based on some issues thathave been published since 1918 and over the results of ALARME Project (Ballast Water: Risk analysis, EnvironmentalManagement Plan and Monitoring of Exotic Species in Paranagua Harbor, Parana) in the Estuarine Paranagua Complex. Anamount of 789 specific taxa was recorded and distributed in 167 genera on Parana shore. Among the 789 a number of 575specific taxa is distributed in 152 genera which were recorded in the Estuarine Paranagua Complex. Some of these species areconsidered potentially harmful for their toxins production

Diatom associations in shelf waters off Paraná State, Southern Brazil: annual variation in relation to environmental factors

The seasonal variation of diatoms in the inshore waters off Parana State, Southern Brazil was investigated to analyse their temporal dynamics and to detect the main environmental constraints of the planktonic community. Biomass peaks occurred from May to August and from December to March. Among the microplanktonic diatoms, Cerataulina pelagica, Chaetoceros spp., Dactyliosolen fragilissimus, Guinardia striata, Lauderia annulata, Leptocylindrus spp., Pseudo-nitzschia cf. delicatissima, P. australis, Rhizosolenia spp., Skeletonema costatum and Thalassionema nitzschioides were dominant species. Nanoplanktonic diatoms were dominated by Naviculaceae, Nitzschia spp., Thalassiosira spp. and Chaetoceros cf. tenuissimus. Concentrations of most of the species decreased during and just after the blooms of Phaeocystis pouchetii in September and of Coscinodiscus wailesii in April. Based on cluster analysis and interpretations of the environmental parameters monitored, six diatom associations were discerned. Four main environmental factors were attributed as the determinants for the grouping: (a) the stronger influence of the tropical oligotrophic waters of the Brazil Current in spring/summer, (b) the alternation between dry and rainy (nutrient-richer) seasons, (c) the influence of subantarctic waters mixed with coastal ones in fall/winter, bringing cold species and promoting the growth of autochthonous species, and (d) the blooms of nanoplanktonic (Phaeocystis) and microplanktonic (C. wailesii) species.

The recently established diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii (Coscinodiscales, Bacillariophyta) in Brazilian waters. I: Remarks on morphology and distribution

Coscinodiscus wailesii Gran et Angst is a large centric diatom (280–500 μm diameter) from marine phytoplankton, characterized by a cylindrical frustule with flat valvar surface, two marginal rings of rimoportulae on the mantle, and two macrorimoportulae. Cells from cultured and natural populations collected in Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, southern Brazil were observed under light and scanning electron microscopes to verify the populations’ correct identity and morphology. In both populations, a typical central rosette or a hyaline area was found in the valvar center. The species’ distribution in Brazilian waters was revised, and a discussion on possible vectors of transport was made. Blooms of the species occur sporadically in the coast of Paraná, seeming to affect the local trophic chain.

Microalgae of the continental shelf off Paraná State, southeastern Brazil: a review of studies

O trabalho e uma revisao dos estudos taxonomicos e ecologicos das microalgas (planctonicas e bentonicas) realizados no Estado do Parana. A maioria dos trabalhos sobre microfitobentos sao de carater taxonomico e, basicamente, referem-se a diatomaceas benticas sobre macroalgas ou fundos lodosos e consolidados. Poucos trabalhos contribuiram para o estudo da dinâmica espaco-temporal do fitoplâncton em areas costeiras e de plataforma. Sao descritos os padroes de distribuicao geografica e as mudancas sazonais na comunidade fitoplanctonica em relacao ao regime hidrografico. No verao, quando aguas quentes oligotroficas predominam na superficie, o fitoplâncton e numericamente dominado por nanoflagelados, dinoflagelados, cocolitoforideos e cianobacterias ftlamentosas. No inverno, as diatomaceas do microplâncton sao em geral mais abundantes devido ao dominio de aguas frias ricas em nutrientes. A comunidade fitoplanctonica da plataforma paranaense pode ser classificada em duas categorias: as associacoes costeira, sujeitas ao aporte de nutrientes pela drenagem continental e ressuspensao do sedimento, e a comunidade da plataforma afastada da costa, mais afetada pela sasonalidade do regime hidrografico.

BRANDINIA MOSIMANNIAE GEN. NOV. ET SP. NOV., A NEW MARINE EPILITHIC DIATOM FROM THE ANTARCTIC COASTS

The new solitary species Brandinia mosimanniae L. F. Fernandes &L. K. Procopiak is described for Antarctic Peninsula, living on rocks from intertidal to 14m depth sublittoral. Its main features are lanceolate valves with rostrate to capitate apices, narrow sternum but expanded at the centre, two conspicuous rimoportulae, one per apex, uniseriate striae composed of areolae bearing peg-like voláte occlusions and cingulum with open bands. Comparisons with allied species such as the colonial Fragilaria striatula Lyngbye and the related genera Fossula, Synedropsis and Ulnaria are made. B. mosimanniae was a common to abundant diatom within epilithic communities in all of the samples examined.

Tintininos (Ciliophora, Tintinnina) de águas subtropicais na região Sueste-Sul do Brasil: I. Famílias Codonellidae, Codonellopsidae, Coxliellidae, Cyttarocylidae, Epiplocylidae, Petalotrichidae, Ptychocylidae, Tintinnididae e Undellidae

A taxonomic survey on the tintinnids (Suborder Tintinnina) collected in subtropical waters of the Southern Brazil (22°S-34°S) was carried out, based in different oceanographic cruises covering shelf and oceanic waters. Eighty nine species were recorded, and Amphorides amphora (Claparede & Lachmann, 1858) Strand, 1928, Dadayella ganimedes (Entz, 1884) Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, Eutintinnus spp., Rhabdonellopsis apophysata (Cleve, 1900) Kofoid & Campbell, 1929 , Tintinnopsis spp. (neritic waters) and Xystonellopsis spp. were abundant. For all of species descriptions, measurements and drawings, as well comments on the taxonomy and results on horizontal and vertical distributions on the water column were furnished. Some species showed preference by deep waters, like Epicancella nervosa (Cleve, 1900) Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, Xystonellopsis spp., Salpingella spp. and Brandtiella palliata (Brandt, 1906) Kofoid & Campbell, 1929. In this work the families Codonellidae, Codonellopsidae, Coxliellidae, Cytarocyllidae, Epiplocylidae, Petalotrichidae, Ptychocylidae, Tintinnididae and Undellidae were studied. The other four families were covered in another work, also containing the discussion about biogeography and vertical distribution in the water column.

Tintininos (Ciliophora - 5ubordem Tintinnina) de águas subantárticas e antárticas entre a Argentina e a Península Antártica (35º8-62º8) (Novembro de 1992)

A taxonomic survey on the tintinnids (Suborder Tintinnina) sampled from surface waters along a latitudinal transect between Argentine and Antarctic Peninsula (35oS-62oS) was made in November 1992. Twenty two taxa were determined, belonging to the genera Acanthostomella, Amphorides, Codonellopsis, Coxliella, Cymatocylis, Favella, Helicostomella, Laackmaniella, Protorhabdonella, Stylicauda and Tintinnopsis. The species Acanthostomella norvegica, Amphorides quadri/ineata, Codonellopsis gaussii, Cymatocylis antarctica, C. convalaria and Tintinnopsis baci/laria were abundant in the samples. The species C. antarctica dominated in most of the stations sampled in subantarctic waters, while C. convalaria and Codonellopsis gaussi were abundant in antarctic waters. The genera Favella, Helicostomella, Stylicauda and the species Tintinnopsis gracilis were only recorded in waters under the intluence of the La Plata river. For ali species, we provided descriptions, measurements and drawings, as well as comments on the taxonomy.

SEASONAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF TOXIGENIC SPECIES OF Dinophysis AND Pseudo-nitzschia IN A SUBTROPICAL BRAZILIAN ESTUARY

This study investigated the spatial and temporal distributions of toxigenic phytoplankton species between October 2010 and April 2012 in Guaratuba Bay, Parana state, Brazil, where aquaculture has been intensified in recent years. The highest abundances of Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha and P. pungens (up to 7.3 x 104 cells L-1), diatoms which cause amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), were correlated with higher values of temperature (from December to April, salinity (>20) and silicate concentrations (ranging from 6.0 to 90.0 µm). The occurrence of these harmful diatoms in the bay also appeared to depend upon the development of seeding mechanisms in the adjacent coastal water and its subsequent advection by tidal currents to the interior of the estuary. During the study period, Pseudo-nitzschia cell abundance remained low to moderate probably as a result of growth limitation by phosphate shortage, especially in the outer area of the estuary. In addition, harmful species of Dinophysis, dinoflagellates responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events, were recorded in every sampling campaign. The highest abundances of D. acuminata, D. caudata and D. tripos were associated with the upper halocline layer in regions of the bay where water column stratification was more frequent. On some occasions, cell abundances of D. acuminata (up to 3.2 x 103 cells L-1) exceeded levels considered harmful in areas used to cultivate bivalve mollusks for human consumption. These novel results strongly indicate the necessity of implementing a monitoring program for harmful microalgae in Guaratuba Bay.

VALVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE BENTHIC DIATOM Fallacia marnieri (Manguin) Witkowski (SELLAPHORACEAE - BACILLARIOPHYTA)

The genus Fallacia Stickle & Mann includes naviculoid birraphid diatoms with H-like plastids, valves with uniseriate striae and covered by porous conopea, rounded areolae occluded by hymens, and depressed hyaline lyriform area characterizing the valvar surface. The species Fallacia marnieri was found in samples collected in King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, on which an electron microscopy study and literature revision were carried out. From this investigation, we found that since Fallacia marnieri has the diagnostic structures of the genus, its recent inclusion in Fallacia is justified. The species was found on rocks of an intertidal region, and seems to be endemic in cold regions, as indicated in the literature.

Blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima and P. calliantha, and associated domoic acid accumulation in shellfish from the South Brazilian coast

The toxigenic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima (Hasle) Hasle is reported for the first time in the south-western Atlantic Ocean, and is associated with high concentrations of domoic acid (DA) in cultivated mussels. Water samples were collected from seven shellfish farms along the coast of Santa Catarina State, South Brazil, from March 2008 to March 2009. The material was identified in transmission electron microscopy, and typical morphological features of the species were presented and compared with data available in the literature. Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima appeared in higher abundances during the austral summer of 2009 from 21 January to 17 February, accounting for 80.2–98.0% of the total Pseudo-nitzschia cells in the majority of the stations. Pseudo-nitzschia cells reached abundances as high as 22.5×106 cells L−1 almost entirely composed of P. pseudodelicatissima. At four stations, blooms lasted 7–15 days, depending on the sampling station. The concentrations of DA measured in the bivalve Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) surpassed the threshold value of 20 μg g−1 wet weight of tissue for 13 days, with maximum value of 98.5 μg g−1, prompting the closure of harvesting and the embargo of shellfish commercialization for 31 days. Other potentially harmful Pseudo-nitzschia species detected during the summer blooms of P. pseudodelicatissima were P. calliantha Lundholm, Moestrup & Hasle, P. multiseries (Hasle) Hasle and P. pungens (Grunow ex Cleve) Hasle. Among these, P. calliantha became the dominant species at one station, contributing 86–98% of total Pseudo-nitzschia cell counts and DA concentrations as high as 14.4 μg g−1. In conclusion, P. pseudodelicatissima was recorded in high abundance at 5 of the 50 shellfish farms along the Santa Catarina coastline in 2009, and was associated with high concentrations of DA in mussel tissues. This correlative evidence points to this species as a probable novel threat to commercial shellfish farming and the regional tourism in Santa Catarina State.