Lucie Cheng

Global interaction, global inequality, and migration of the highly trained to the United States.

Following recent attempts to link migration of the highly trained to broader global processes, we argue that national variation in the size of highly trained migration can be explained by interaction and inequality between nations, both reflecting the process of global integration. Guided by this analytical framework, we tested the structural determinants of highly skilled migration to the United States. The evidence confirms our hypotheses that economic and educational interactions between sending countries and the United States increase the flow of the highly trained to the United States. Results also provide mixed proof for our hypotheses that levels of professional migration are positively associated with disparities between sending countries and the United States in living conditions, research conditions, childrens educational opportunities, political conditions, and professional employment opportunities.

Women and Class Analysis in the Chinese Land Revolution

A significant but little known chapter in the history of modern Chinese land reform provides an illuminating glimpse of the relationship between class and gender in Chinese society. During the early 1930s communist insurgents in south central China established a short lived Soviet Republic centered in Jiangxi. There, in the course of putting into effect their program of land reform, three distinct approaches to the distribution of land to women were taken, each with a discernible theoretical basis, each with different implications and contradictions. The experience gained in Jiangxi formed the basis of the Land Reform of the Peoples Republic of China twenty years later. This article will describe and attempt to explain these events, for the issues presented a half century ago to those Chinese revolutionaries remain a challenge to those who would radically change the position of women in society today.

ASIAN ECONOMIC CRISIS, STATE POLICY, AND URBAN MOVEMENTS: A TAIWAN VERSION

Abstract This paper examines Taiwans response to the Asian economic crisis, the social consequence of that response, and the urban movement that ensued. We seek to demonstrate that, although the particular character of the response is a result of historical relations between real estate speculation and financial institutions, it is the long-term weakening of state ability to mediate between civil society and the global informational capitalism and the dual character of the Taiwan state in the 1990s that underlay the policy response to the crisis. This new configuration of state, society, and economy has given rise to a dynamic civil society clamoring for autonomous participation in a new governance.

Book Review: Samflow: The San Joaquin Chinese LegacySamflow: The San Joaquin Chinese Legacy. By MinnickSylvia Sun. Fresno, CA: Panorama West Publishing, 1988. Pp. 322.

this book, the author made extensive use of archival materials in Korea, Hawaii, Washington, DC and Japan. As a result, the book, consisting of sixteen chapters and an appendix, presents much new information on the neglected topic. It also provides innovative interpretations that challenge traditional interpretations relating to the pioneer immigration of Koreans to Hawaii. Furthermore, the books adds valuable information on the conditions ofthe final years ofYi Dynasty Korea, Korean-U.S. relations, Japanese-Korean relations, and Japanese-U.S. relations in the first decade of the twentieth century. Patterson offers the following three major interpretations, all ofwhich involve partial revisions of traditionally accepted interpretations. First, Korean immigration to Hawaii encountered several major obstacles within the first nine months of its existence particularly because of its illegal nature, and the author puts central emphasis on the maneuvers of Horace Allen, an American middleman, in overcoming these obstacles and thus keeping the immigration unhindered, at least until 1905. Other writers pay attention to the importance of the intermediary role of American missionaries for Koreanimmigration to Hawaii. However, unlike other writers who provide a simplistic picture, Patterson undercovers various political and legal hurdles met by the first stage of the (illegal) Korean immigration and emphasizes the role of Horace Allen as essential to removal ofthese hurdles. Second, the author presents the role of the Japanese government central to the halt of Korean immigration to Hawaii. Ofcourse, this is not a new interpretation. Other writers already indicated that to protect Japanese workers in Hawaii from competition with Korean workers, the Japanese government forced the Korean government to put an end to Korean emigration. However, Pattersons interpretation seems to differ from the previously accepted interpretation on this issue in an important way. Other writers interpret the intervention of the Japanese government to terminate Korean emigration as a more or less isolated political event mainly motivated by the effort to protect the economic interests ofJapaneseworkers in Hawaii. Incontrast, Patterson relates the Korean governments adoption of the Japanese-forced ban on emigration to the larger political process of the Japanese takeover of Korea. As the author puts it: The issue of Korean immigration to Hawaii was also intimately bound up with the larger issue of the Japanese takeover of Koreas foreign affairs in 1905. Only a week after theJapanese-forced decision by the Korean government temporarily to ban all emigration, the Japanese government decided upon the contents of a document which would become seven months later the basisfor the Protectorate Treaty betweenJapan and Korea.