Luciene Pimentel da Silva

Gestão e licenciamento ambiental no Brasil: modelo de gestão focado na qualidade do meio ambiente

Based on the environmental legislation, specially on Federal Constitution and also on Acts 6.938/81 and 9.433/97 this paper discusses about environmental management in Brazil, particularly environmental licensing, and potentially polluter activities control. An environmental management model focused on environmental quality is proposed. For more than 20 years environmental licensing has been constantly improved without any change in its basis: the consideration of effluents quality standards and maintenance of a quality minimum standard for receiving waters. The model proposed not only keeps focus on environmental quality but also aims to integrate procedures to obtain environmental licensing and water use rights, increasing the possibilities of applying economic instruments to environmental management. This article also describes the experimental use of this proposed model during the installation of a factory. It’s taken as an example a case in Ilha Grande bay hydrographic region, in state of Rio de Janeiro. The lack of accurate environmental conditions data in that area was the main difficulty for applying the proposed model.

AVALIAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE SENSIBILIZAÇÃO DOS ALUNOS DO CAP-UERJ SOBRE A ÁGUA E O SISTEMA DE CAPTAÇÃO E ARMAZENAMENTO DE ÁGUAS PLUVIAIS

Water is a very recurrent thematic, especially during the water crisis that a number of Municipalities in Brazil have been facing recently. Therefore, it is necessary to seek alternatives for changes in practices of water use as well as to create structural and non-structural measures to support the management of multiple uses of water. The main objective of this research was to evaluate at CAp-UERJ the level of students’ perception and their sensibility about the uses of water and its rational application. The methodology involved a survey among students of the 2 nd and 3 rd years of primary school, using a rainfall harvesting system built in the School, as socio environmental motivator, providing a practical learning tool. Results indicated that 66% of total students demonstrated to know about this thematic and showed evidences of previous knowledge about rational use of water.

Análise do Índice de Anomalia de Chuva para a Microbacia de Santa Maria/Cambiocó, RJ

Drought is a statistical phenomenon, its impacts vary according to the region under study and the relationship between the meteorological drought (no rainfall) and other factors related to agricultural drought (soil and crops), hydrological drought (water supply) and socioeconomic drought (social and economic impacts). Meteorological drought is the basis for the other types of drought. In this context, the present study aimed to analyse the intensity of rainfall temporal anomaly in the representative catchment of Santa Maria/Cambioco located in the Northwest Region of Rio de Janeiro State, Southeast Region of Brazil. The rain anomaly index was calculated based in two gauge stations ten-year rainfall time series. The dry season, winter, covers the months of june, july and august and the rainy season, summer, covers the months of november, december and january. No changes were verified in the rainfall series trends that could influence the observed meteorological drought. Consequently, no tendency in the observed time period, that could be justified by climate anomalies or climate change impacts, were identified.

Proposta metodológica para redesenho de comunidades informais - construção da resiliência diante do estresse hídrico.

The paper presents a methodological proposal in the form of a framework for redesigning informal settlements based on Low-impact Design and Development methodology. It involves the management of rainwater through the implementation of urban infrastructure on local scale in a decentralized and collaborative manner. It served as an object of study the region of Baixada de Jacarepagua, a vector of expansion of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The proposed framework adopts Action-Research methodology. The stages envisaged in the framework are: (i) initial, which involves approaching the community, establishing bonds and setting up a management group, (ii) diagnosis, and (iii) project. The application of the framework is demonstrated by means of a case study of the community, which typifies the slums in areas of marshland and the peripheral urban landscape. It is believed that this framework can guide the urban redesign of other communities within the perspective of sustainable development.

VAZÕES AFLUENTES EM TRINCHEIRA DE INFILTRAÇÃO DOMICILIAR

The unplanned soil sealing hinders the process of infiltration of rainwater in residential settlements, which favors the increase of the precipitation, and reduce the response time of the basin. In this context, certain flow control techniques, such as infiltration trenches are consolidated as an alternative to alleviate the difficulties related to the volume of water precipitated, especially in conditions exceeding volume. This work aims to analyze inflows of non-induced events with monitoring a trench infiltration for 5 months of continuous time in residential urban lot. The device has a capacity of up to 5.7 m3 and area of 8.8 m2 composed of geomanta, gravel, earth and vegetation in grass. The infiltration of discharges were monitored with 2 automatic linigrafos and precipitation with a weather station installed on the lot. The results infiltration estimate an average volume of 8 m3 per month for a rainfall of 220 mm. The initial abstractions of 60 mm per month, equivalent to 24% of total precipitation, evapotranspiration losses correspond to the stores and not observed. The experiment makes a significant contribution in determining volumes forecast in infiltration trencher as a compensatory meausure in urban drainage. Keywords: infiltration trench, storage, rainwater.