Lucíola de Castro Coelho

Desenvolvimento e pré-teste de um questionário de frequência alimentar para graduandos

Objetivo Desenvolver e aplicar em um projeto-piloto um questionario de frequencia alimentar quantitativo de autopreenchimento destinado a graduandos da area da saude. Metodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em 151 universitarios de ambos os sexos, usuarios do ambulatorio de Nutricao do Corpo Discente da Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brasil. O questionario inicial foi composto a partir dos alimentos e preparacoes informados no Registro Alimentar de Tres Dias. As informacoes em medidas caseiras foram transformadas em gramas ou mililitros com o auxilio de tabelas, e os alimentos foram ordenados segundo a porcentagem de contribuicao para o valor energetico total informado. Foram selecionados 198 ali-mentos responsaveis por 95% do consumo energetico e agrupados em 77 itens alimentares de acordo com a similaridade nutricional. O tamanho das porcoes alimentares foi classificado conforme o valor do percentil 50 da distribuicao dos pesos correspondentes as medidas caseiras referidas. Definiu-se como porcao pequena, aquela cujo valor foi igual ou inferior ao percentil 25; como media, o percentil 50 e grande, o valor igual ou superior ao percentil 75. Resultados Apos o pre-teste do questionario inicial, o questionario final resultou em uma lista com 89 alimentos, agrupados em 70 itens alimentares. As instrucoes para o autopreenchimento foram refeitas, objetivando-se um melhor preenchimento. Conclusao Apos as modificacoes realizadas, o questionario de frequencia alimentar quantitativo encontra-se pronto para o estudo de validacao e calibracao.

Validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire developed to under graduate students

A validity test of a Food Frequency Questionnaire was carried out using 50 students of health occupation in São Paulo, Brazil. Therefore, a three day dietary record was used as reference method and variables such as energy, macronutrients and dietary fiber were analyzed. The accordance between the Food Frequency Questionnaire and average data from dietary record was tested with kappa statistics and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Limits of agreement were estimated by the Bland-Altmans method. Better results were found for calories (ICC 0.43; 95%CI 0.17 - 0.63) and non-energy-adjusted nutrients, except dietary fiber (ICC 0.34; 95%CI 0.07 - 0.56). The percentage of individuals classified in the same category of consumption was nearly half (49.8%), while only 16% of them were classified in opposite categories. With the exception of lipids, other analyzed variables tended to be overestimated by the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The Food Frequency Questionnaire is recommended as a method of assessing food intake of university students in studies which focus on calorie estimates and also intend to classify groups into intake categories.

Fatores relacionados aos padrões alimentares de indivíduos com síndrome metabólica que frequentam ambulatório de nutrição em São Paulo

Objective: To identify the dietary patterns of individuals with metabolic syndrome and determine associations with sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical features. Methods: We analyzed data of individuals with metabolic syndrome attending the nutrition outpatient clinic at a public university in São Paulo, from 2008 to 2011. We assessed food intake by 24-hour dietary recall and identified the dietary patterns using principal components analysis. Multivariate multiple linear regression models were applied to investigate possible associations between dietary patterns and the independent variables. We applied Pearson’s correlations to evaluate possible associations between dietary patterns and biochemical and anthropometric variables. Results: Of the 166 outpatients enrolled, 65.7% (109) were women; 63.0% (103) were adults (21-59 years) and 37.0% were elderly (60-79 years). Most people were married, sedentary and obese, with incomplete primary education, non-smoking and non-alcoholic. We identified nine dietary patterns. There was a positive association between the “traditional Brazilian” dietary pattern (rice, beans and red meat) with men and a negative association with age, and the “prudent” (whole grains, soups) with women. There was a positive correlation between the “traditional Brazilian”, “compensatory” (snacks, sweeteners, light products) and “mixed” (refined grains, fruits, oils) patterns with fasting glucose, and negative correlation between the “healthy” (vegetables and oilseeds) and waist circumference. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that these individuals with metabolic syndrome have dietary patterns characterized by the presence of refined foods, fats, red meat and alcohol, associated with biochemical disturbance, as impaired fasting glucose and hypertriglyceridemia.