Luis Alfonso Hortelano Mínguez

LA RENOVACIÓN RURAL EN LOS ESPACIOS DE MONTAÑA: LAS COMARCAS DE LA VERTIENTE NORTE DEL SECTOR CENTRAL DE LA CORDILLERA CANTÁBRICA

This article that is integrated in the program of diffusion of results of the investigation proyectos in that is sustained, is centered in the analysis of the changes that are experiencing the productive activities that constitute the economic base of the spaces rural peripherals of the European Union at the present time. He has taken as example the case of an area of the central sector of the northern slope of Cantabrian Mountain. It is a territory integrated by four districts (Liebana, Cabuerniga-Tudanca, Valley of Iguna and Campoo-the Valleys) that share, besides their incues-tionable outlying situation, a deep one and I release crisis process and reconversion so-cioeconomica and space. The restructuring presents, nevertheless, very diverse manifestations, common in some cases and different in others: transformation of the you activi-give agrarian and I change in the orientations productive cattlemen, expansion of the sector of the services, in particular of those related with the tourism and the leisure, decline of the traditional industrial activities, emergence of some new industries and peak of the construction. The differences in the intensity, the rules and the rhythm, of the evolution re-ciente of the economic activity, they are translating in the space reorganization and in the increase of the contrasts and imbalances inter and intracomarcales.

Territorio, patrimonio y turismo en la Raya de Castilla y León = Territory, heritage and tourism in the Raya of Castile and Leon

La linea fronteriza de Castilla y Leon con Portugal tiene una longitud de 349 kilometros donde se amolda una franja compuesta por 37 terminos municipales de las comarcas agrarias de Vitigudino y de Ciudad Rodrigo en Salamanca y de Sanabria, Aliste y Sayago en Zamora. Este territorio rayano comprende una superficie de 2.366,27 km2 y, si tomamos como referencia la escala comarcal, se amplia hasta los 10.203,80 km2. Como consecuencia de la localizacion periferica y “de borde”, de su evolucion historica y de la aplicacion de un modelo economico sostenible, esta zona fronteriza mantiene inalterado un variado medio natural y un rico patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial. Algunas de las areas han sido reconocidas con una figura de proteccion por sus valores ambientales y otro tanto ha ocurrido con la riqueza arqueologica e historico-artistica al incluirse en el catalogo administrativo de Bienes de Interes Cultural. En el periodo finisecular del XX y en el umbral del siglo XXI, gracias a la puesta en valor de los recursos endogenos asociados al patrimonio territorial, han surgido propuestas de actividades turisticas agrupadas en las modalidades de ecoturismo y turismo de naturaleza, cultural y activo con el objeto de buscar alternativas laborales y potenciar el desarrollo socioeconomico. The border between the Spanish region of Castile and Leon and Portugal has a length of 349 km. The border area on the Spanish side totals 37 municipalities in the rural districts of Vitigudino and Ciudad Rodrigo in the province of Salamanca and the districts of Sanabria, Aliste and Sayago in the province of Zamora. This borderland has an area of 2,366.27 square km, which if the area of the border districts would be tabled, would total 10,203.80 square km. As a consequence of its peripheral situation on the Raya (edge), its history and the application of a model of sustainable development the varied natural environment and the rich material and nonmaterial cultural heritage of this border area have remained unchanged. Some zones have administratively been recognized because of their environmental or archeological value or their historical-artistic wealth. As such they are included in the official catalogue of Bienes de Interes Cultural (Goods of Cultural Interest). Due to the recognition of the value of endogenous resources linked to territorial heritage, at the end of the twentieth and the beginnings of the twenty-first centuries proposals have been made to foster tourism. In order to diversify employment and enforce socioeconomic development, these proposals are centered on eco, nature, cultural and active tourism.

Cohesión y convergencia en la frontera de Castilla y León con Portugal (1986-2016): Población, economía y territorio

The areas of Castilla y Leon bordering the North and Centre regions of Portugal are situated in the respective national and regional peripheries. Within the European Union these areas are considered as a geographically disadvantaged space. The intention of the EU structural and cohesion policies has been to reduce socioeconomic deprivation, which characterized the peripheral situation of these areas. The aim of this article is to assess the local socioeconomic and spatial development after the incorporation of Spain into the European Community in 1986 up to the present. The conclusion reveals that social cohesion and quality of life are worsening as well as the traditional economy, whereas progress is made in tourism, cross-border interaction and the protection of natural and cultural heritage.

La apertura de la frontera: ¿Nuevas identidades transfronterizas?

Durante el apogeo de la soberania se estudiaban las fronteras desde una perspectiva estado-centrica. Hoy en dia vivimos en una epoca de post-soberania en que los estados ya no son contenedores de seguridad, economia y cultura y sus fronteras han perdido la funcion de barrera militar, economica y cultural. Por lo tanto nuevos enfoques teoricos se han desarrollado sobre las zonas fronterizas. Estos enfoques se basan en la idea de que la integracion transnacional genera espacios de interaccion economica, politica y cultural, creando nuevas identidades transfronterizas. No obstante, los estudios de la frontera basados en estos nuevos enfoques padecen de una cierta euforia transfronteriza, porque hay indicios de que la apertura de la frontera no la deja como un palimpsesto de un pasado soberanista del estado. Por eso hay que matizar la euforia transfronteriza por las siguientes razones: primera, aunque se puede observar un incremento de la interaccion economica transfronteriza, esta sigue estando situada en su mayor parte dentro del estado; segunda, la cohesion politico-cultural sigue siendo poco intensa en las zonas transfronterizas; y tercera, la frontera sigue dividiendo culturas e identidades.