Luís Manuel Cavalheiro

Measuring the Pain Impact in Adults with a Chronic Pain Condition: Adaptation and Validation of the Pain Impact Questionnaire (PIQ-6) to the Portuguese Culture

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate the Pain Impact Questionnaire (PIQ-6) for Portuguese adults with a chronic pain condition. DESIGN The Portuguese version was developed through forward-backward translations and a cognitive debriefing with chronic pain patients. A subsequent sample of patients was selected to test the validity and the obtained Portuguese measure. PATIENTS AND SETTING Patients are comprised of a sample of 104 physical therapy patients with chronic pain from four outpatient clinics. OUTCOMES MEASURES Reliability and validity were tested by administering the PIQ-6, the Medical Outcomes Study-12-Item Short Form (SF-12) questionnaire, a numerical rating pain scale, and a form to collect some of the characteristics of the patients. RESULTS After obtaining the semantic and content equivalence, the Portuguese version of PIQ-6 showed good levels of reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.82 and 0.94) and good levels of internal consistency, with Cronbachs alpha of 0.92. The factor analysis confirmed the unidimensionality of the measure (initial eigen-value = 4.29, 71.6%). Construct validity was supported by the correlations obtained with a numerical rating pain scale (rho = 0.705), SF-12 subscales (r = -0.723 and -0.656), and the age of the patients (r = 0.274). CONCLUSION The PIQ-6 proved to be equivalent in both cultures (American/Portuguese), and is useful, reliable, and valid for use in Portugal.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey

The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey (PTOPS) for the Portuguese culture. This version was obtained by a forward/backward translation, consensus panels, and pre-test. The Portuguese PTOPS was administered to 76 physical therapy outpatients in 10 health services. The content analysis (panels of experts and lay people) and the factor analysis resulted in a reduction of the original 34 items to 28 items that validly identify 3 constructs. The reliability was acceptable for both internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.73) and reproducibility (ICC between 0.84 and 0.87), which represent acceptable levels of validity and reliability.

Original articlePortuguese cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK)Adaptação à cultura portuguesa e validação da Escala de Atividades para Crianças (ASK)

Objectives The main purpose of the current study was to perform the cross cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK) both in its capability and performance versions to the European Portuguese language so it can be used in Portugal by healthcare professionals in children from 5 to 15 years of age with functional disabilities related to specific health conditions.OBJECTIVES The main purpose of the current study was to perform the cross cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK) both in its capability and performance versions to the European Portuguese language so it can be used in Portugal by healthcare professionals in children from 5 to 15 years of age with functional disabilities related to specific health conditions. METHODS The cross-cultural adaptation of ASK followed the classic sequential methodology for linguistic equivalence. To test its validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility, the Portuguese version of ASK was administered together with the KINDL Questionnaire (KINDL) to 88 children (10±3 years of age) with functional limitations. The test-retest study was conducted two weeks apart. RESULTS After obtaining the semantic and content validity, the Portuguese version of ASK demonstrated good levels of reproducibility (performance: intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.99; capability: ICC=0.98) and internal consistency (performance: α=0.98; capability: α=0.97). The correlations between ASK and KINDL were positive and moderate. CONCLUSIONS The Portuguese version of ASK showed acceptable levels of validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility; the authors recommend its use in clinical settings.

Portuguese cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK)

Objectives The main purpose of the current study was to perform the cross cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK) both in its capability and performance versions to the European Portuguese language so it can be used in Portugal by healthcare professionals in children from 5 to 15 years of age with functional disabilities related to specific health conditions.OBJECTIVES The main purpose of the current study was to perform the cross cultural adaptation and validation of the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK) both in its capability and performance versions to the European Portuguese language so it can be used in Portugal by healthcare professionals in children from 5 to 15 years of age with functional disabilities related to specific health conditions. METHODS The cross-cultural adaptation of ASK followed the classic sequential methodology for linguistic equivalence. To test its validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility, the Portuguese version of ASK was administered together with the KINDL Questionnaire (KINDL) to 88 children (10±3 years of age) with functional limitations. The test-retest study was conducted two weeks apart. RESULTS After obtaining the semantic and content validity, the Portuguese version of ASK demonstrated good levels of reproducibility (performance: intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.99; capability: ICC=0.98) and internal consistency (performance: α=0.98; capability: α=0.97). The correlations between ASK and KINDL were positive and moderate. CONCLUSIONS The Portuguese version of ASK showed acceptable levels of validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility; the authors recommend its use in clinical settings.