Luiz Alberto Oliveira Gonçalves

Iniciativas públicas de redução da violência escolar no Brasil

Este artigo apresenta algumas acoes do Poder Publico que buscaram reduzir a violencia em meio escolar. Tomando como exemplo as cidades de Sao Paulo, Porto Alegre e Belo Horizonte, examina algumas das modalidades de praticas que nascem a partir da decada de 80, inicio do processo de democratizacao politica do Brasil. Oscilando entre medidas de carater educativo e iniciativas relacionadas a area de seguranca, as acoes ainda demandam continuidade e maior capacidade de impacto nas escolas publicas dessas cidades. No entanto, ja e possivel, a partir dessas experiencias, tracar a trajetoria emergente das politicas publicas destinadas a diminuicao da violencia nos estabelecimentos de ensino na sociedade brasileira.

Movimento negro e educação

This article aims to explain the educational meager situation of Black Brazilians, from the two axis that have been structuring such situation - exclusion and neglect. The text is organized following assumptions suggested by the documents that support it. A careful look at the educational policies published, during the XIXth and XXth centuries, shows the continuing omission, by the government, of measures in order to benefit Black people. It is pointed out that the imminent abolition of slavery and the changes in the organization of the economy in the XIXth century, compelled to discuss education for slave children, children released from slavery, Black children born free. Finally, it is accentuated the importance of Black activism, mentioned as Black Movement, in the fighting of Black people for education. So Black organizations take the place of the governement in the offering of conditions for education, in spite of great difficulties. Ideas, ideals, initiatives are stood out those from the Black press in the years 20 to 30 of the XXth century, and those from different collective groups, in the end of years 40 and during the 50, notably in the years 80, in the succession of the creation of the Unified Black Movement.

A interdição da doença: uma construção cultural da esquistossomose em área endêmica, Minas Gerais, Brasil

This study was conducted in a rural area endemic for schistosomiasis in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The objective was to determine the relationship between an environmental and health education program for schistosomiasis, implemented for teachers and students from the state secondary school in the village of Boa União, and the subsequent actions of its participants in regards to the environment and the illness. An important difference in this program is its perspective that it is not merely the implementation of instrumental and cognitive knowledge of the environment and illness, but an approach in which subjects are asked to question and investigate their perception of reality, the environment, and the illness. The study demonstrated that a change in attitude could occur from reflection on ones experience in relation to both the environment and diseases endemic it.

On Efficient Meta-Level Features for Effective Text Classification

This paper addresses the problem of automatically learning to classify texts by exploiting information derived from meta-level features (i.e., features derived from the original bag-of-words representation). We propose new meta-level features derived from the class distribution, the entropy and the within-class cohesion observed in the k nearest neighbors of a given test document x, as well as from the distribution of distances of x to these neighbors. The set of proposed features is capable of transforming the original feature space into a new one, potentially smaller and more informed. Experiments performed with several standard datasets demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed meta-level features is not only much superior than the traditional bag-of-word representation but also superior to other state-of-art meta-level features previously proposed in the literature. Moreover, the proposed meta-features can be computed about three times faster than the existing meta-level ones, making our proposal much more scalable. We also demonstrate that the combination of our meta features and the original set of features produce significant improvements when compared to each feature set used in isolation.

A judicialização da Saúde na percepção de médicos prescritores

Este artigo analisa a possivel interferencia da industria farmaceutica nas prescricoes de medicamentos usadas em acoes judiciais contra o Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS). Apresenta-se o levantamento que deu origem ao banco de dados com acoes judiciais por medicamentos, procedimentos e equipamentos para o tratamento de diversas doencas contra o Estado de Minas Gerais. Justifica-se a analise da percepcao dos prescritores, com intuito de conhecer as suas respectivas posicoes em relacao ao tema da interferencia da industria farmaceutica nas tomadas de decisoes relativas as acoes judiciais. O modelo teorico e metodologico utilizado destaca os perfis dos entrevistados. Por fim, expoe-se, em detalhes, a analise das percepcoes dos prescritores, correlacionando-as com o tema da influencia da industria farmaceutica no atual crescimento das acoes judiciais.